Statistics compiled from reports on crashes in the U. S. Army Air Service during the calendar years 1918-1921, inclusive, and results of physical examinations for flying during the calendar years 1920 and 1921

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~ Auburn University Libraries
JING , ll lllll~l\l~~!H0~,~! ~~l~llllm , File B 70/ 102
AIR SERVICE TION CIRCULAR
PUBLISHED BY THE CHIEF OF AIR SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Vol. IV May I, 1922 No. 340
STATISTICS COMPILED FROM REPORTS ON CRASHES IN THE U. S.
ARMY AIR SERVICE DURING THE CALENDAR YEARS 1918-1921;
INCLUSIVE, AND RESULTS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINA~
TIONS FOR FLYING DURING THE CALENDAR
YEARS 1920 AND 1921
COMPILED BY THE MEDICAL SECTION
OF THE AIR SERVICE
'WASHINGTON
COVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1922
Ralph Brown Dr ughon
LIBRA-RY
APR 2 3 20 3
Non-Depoitor
Auburn Univers ty
CER11FICATE: By direction of the Secretary of War, the matter contained herein is published as administrative .
information and is iequired for the proper transaction of the public business.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION KAY BE PROCURED FRO>!
THE SUPE1UNTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASIIJNGTON, D. C.
AT
5 CENTS PER COPY
(u)
AIRPLANE CRASHES, 1918 AND 1919, I ,··.-HE UN'ITED
STATES ARMY AIR SERVICE. .~ ·
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF 1,250 1 SPECIAL CRASH REPORTS.
(Prepared in the Office of the Chief Surgeon, Air.Service.)
A total of 1,250 reports ot crashes were received rom the
various flying fields, covering a period from the begining
of the war up to January 1, 1920, on special crash report
blanks sent out from the Office of the Chief Surgeon, Air
Service.
While these crash returns are incomplete, owing to the
fact that many fields did not report all of-their crashes, it is
thought that the 1,250 reports received are representafrve
and will show valuable data bearing on the causes leading
up to the crashes, injuries suffered by pilot, extent of
damage resulting to airplane, and other information of
nterest.
Statistics of these crashes have been compiled in con­siderable
detail but only a brief summary will be given
here.
Segregating the 1,250 crashes according to the nature of
the crash , it will be seen that bad landing was responsible
for a little more than 45 per cent of the total accidents
reported, lacking but a little of causing four times as many
crashes as any other one cause.
A brief summary of all crashes, listed according to the
1ature of the crash, is given below:
Nature of crash. Number ' Per ccn t
•
1
of total.
- --- -- ------------------ - ---- ----
Bad landing .. _. __ .. _____ . .. ...... . .. . .. .. .. ... .. .
All spins .... . .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. . ... ... ..... . ... .
Collision (other than "ith ship) . ... .. . . .. . ... .. _ ..
Stall (engine trouble) . . .. .. .. . . ..... . . . . .... . .... .
Side slip ........................... . ............. . i~~l!fi1t'i~~~~:~,; :gi:~~~~·:•:•::::::::::::::::::::
Collision (in a,ir with ship) ...................... . .
Unknown ... .. ... . . . ........ . . .. . . ... .. . _ ...... _ . .
Total.. .. . . ... .. . . .. ... ... , .. ... . .. . ...... . .
51\3 . mo .
120 I
97 I
64 i
58
49 I
46 ,
45 :
9 :
45. 04
12.80
9. 60
7. 76
5. 12
4.64
3. 92
3.68
3.60
. 72
1,250 ! JOO. 00
Taking up the extent of injuries to the pilot as a result
of crashes, we find that a little more than one crash out of
10 proved fatal. The nature of crash resulting in the
highest percentages of fatalities were collision (in air with
ship), nose dives, and all spins, with percentages of 46.67,
30.43, and 27 .50 of fatalities, respectively. A brief
summary is given below:
Extent of injuries. Number\ Per cent
of crashes. ot total.
----- - ---- ----- - --1· ··------
Fatal. .... . ··-·· · ······ · ··· · ··· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· ­Injured
......... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. .. . •. . . . .. . . . .. .
Uninjured .. . ................................. . .. .
Unknown . . ... .. . ................... . .. ... . ...... .
Total. .... ... .. .. ... . . ... . ............ . .... .
135
303
807
5
1, 250
10.80
24.24
ll4.56
. 40
100. 00
In assigning a cause for the crash, many factors enter
into the situation, so that unless a board is convened and
forwards a formal report, very much depends upon the
viewpoint of the person making out and sending in the
special crash report. When no cause for the crash was
given, or the cause as shown was obviously wrong, an
arbitrary cause was assigned for the crash by this office
m working up this data when the information at hand
seemed to justify it. A summary of the crashes by cause
1s shown below:
Cause of crash. Number Per cent
of crashes. of total.
- - -----·- - · ··-- ···- --
i~t~edr:igf.;.·.·. :: ::::: :: ::::: ::: ::::::: ::::::::: ~~ ~Lg~
Unavoidable. . ........ . . . . ... .......... . ..... .. . .. 22,5 18. 00
lnexi;erience . . ............. ... ..•.. . ... . . . . . .... .. 45 3.60
Body of plane...................... . ........ . . . . . . 31
7
2
!
1
2. 96
\" ertigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9H
Acute phYBJCal impairment . ..... .... ....... . ..... 10 I 80
Chronic pbys1cnl 1mpairment..... ... ... . . . ... .. . .. 3 24
Unknown. . . . .. ..... .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 61 4 8::
Total. .... . •... .... .. .. . . . . ...... . .... · .. · .,--1-, 2501~
Segregating crashes, according to the period of day in
which the accident occurred, shows the following:
- - -- ------------ --- - -- - -'---- ---- ----
\
Number \ Per cent
Period of day. of crashes.\ of total.
F_ro_m_ S_a ___ m_._t_o_l_O_a_. -m- .-.-. -. . -.-.. -.-. -. .-. . ... . .. . .. 1~ 1~ From 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. . .... ............ ..... . ... 2 44.16 t~~~;~::: > .. ~I .~~
Segregating the crashes by the age of the fliers, we find
that 65 per cent occurred among aviators between 21 and
26 years of age. A summary is given below:
Age of flier.
18 to 20 years .. ... .. . ... .... .. .. . .. . . . . ......... . . .
~! t~: ~:~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: ::::!
27 to 30 years .. .. .. ... . ....... . .. . . . . . .• .. . . . ......
31 to 35 years ...... ... . . . . _ .... . . . .. . . . ... .. . . . . . . .
36 to 40 years .. . .. . .......................... . ... _ .
41 ~o 45 years ....... . .. .. . . . _ . . . . . . . . .. . ... . .... . . .
Unknown ..... . .. . . ............ . .... .. . .. .. . .... . .
N~ber Per cent
crashes. of total.
58
437
376
220
61
12
5
81
4.64
34. 96
30.0X
17. 60
4. 88
• 9G
.40
6. 4~
Total . .. . ...... .. .......... . . ............... 1~250 I ~~~
In regard to the number of hours dual instruction re­ceived
by the -flier before the occurrence of the crash, we
1 Statistics compiled by the Information Division, Office of the Chief of Air Service, show 2,311 airplane crashes m the United States from April
6, 1917, to January 1, 1920. Some of these were not included in this compilation because of their minor character, others because they
occurred at points where it was impracticable for a flight surgeon to make an inwstigation.
(1)
2
find that 71 per cent has received from 5 to 19 hours dual
instruction in the piloting of a plane prior to the occur­rence
of the crash r~ported. A summary is given below:
I
Hours dual instruction received.
j Number Per cent
1 c~~es. of total.
-------- --~-------!-------· -
Less than one hour's instruction . ...... . .. _ .. . .. . .
1 to 5 hours' instruction .. .. .... .... ..... ... .. . ... .
5 to 9 hours' instruction .. . . . .... . .. . . . . .. .... . .. : .
10 to 19 hours' instruction . ...... .. . . .. . .. . . . ..... .
20 to 29 hours' instruction . .. . ... .... . . .... . .. . ... .
Over 29 hours' instruction . . . .. . . . ..... . . . ..... . .. .
Unknown .. . . .. .i ...... •• •....... _ • . • · . • •••• .•. • ....
Total ........... . . . .. • . .... .. . . . . . .. ... .. .. .
5
66
524
366
46
30
213
1,250
0. 40
5.28
41. 92
29. 28
3. 68
2.40
17. 04
100. 00
Experience in sol~ flying among aviators meeting with.
crashes varied from a few -hours in the case of the cadet
to more than a thousand with the experienced bird man.
A summary shows the following:
Experience in solo flying.
Less than 25 hours' solo . .. ..... ... ..... . ... .... .. . ·
25 to.50 hours' solo . .. ......... . . . ..... . ..... . . . .. .
50 to hJO hours' solo . . .. . . .. ... .. . . . .. . . .. ... . .. .. .
~ ~~ ~ t=:: !~l~:: :: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
r,oo to 1,000 hours' solo .... . ..... · . .. . .. --· .. . .... . . .
Over 1,000 hours' solo ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... .. .
Unknown . . ...... . ... . ... . . ..... • . . ... a •• • ••••• •• •
Total . . .... . . . ..... . ... . ... . ...... . ... . .. . . .
N~ber Per cent
crashes. of total.
259
156
202
301
136
45
26
125
1, 250
20. 72
12. 48
16.16
24. 08
10.88
3.60
2.08
10.00
100. 00
Taking up the question of weather conditions as bearing
on the number of crashes, we find that almost 75 per cent
occurred during fair weather. Unfortunately, for pur­poses
of correlation, we have.no record of the total amount
of flying done under the varying weather conditions.
TheJollowing,table gives weather conditions prevailing at
the time of occurref\Ce of crashes reported :
Weathec conditions.
Nu::}ber Pl\r cent
crashes. of total.
Fair . ... . . .. ...... . ........... . ... . .. . .... . . _. . • . . . . 920 73. 60
ciY!~;.~~~~~ .l.~ ~.~:.·.-.: :: :: :: : : : : : : :: ::: : : : : : : : : 1~1 ·1 lt gg
!ti\:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: f09: I ~::J Unknown .. .. . . . .. . . . ,.· - · ··· · ·· - · ·· · · · ·· · · ······· . 72
Total ..... . .. . ... . . . ..... .. .......... . ... .. . ~ 1 100. 00
Segregating the number of crashes according to the type
of plane used, we find that a total of 1,092 crashes out of
the 1,250 reported, occurred during the use of the Curtiss
plane. ·unfortunately again, we have no statistics show­ing
comparison between the number of crashes occurring
and the total hours flown by pilots using the various types
of machines.
A further segregation of crashes by type of plane used,
and aG_cording to the nature of. the crash resulting, reveals
the fact that crashes of a like nature occur relatively more
frequent in one type of plane than in another. For
instance, 61.64 per cent of all crashes occurring in the use
of the DeHaviland are attributed to bad landing, while the
percentage of crashes due to bad landings by pilots of
Curtiss and "Scout" planes were but 43.98 and 31.25 per
cent, respectively. In the matter of spins, 25 per cent of
all accidents occurring during the use of " Scout" planes
are attributed to this cause, as against.but 3.49 per cent
for the DeHaviland. In the stalls (engine trouble),
the Curtiss plane shows the lowest percentage (7 .60 per
cent), and " Foreign" planes the highest (11.43 per cent).
A brief summary showing crashes by type of plane used
is·shown below:
I
\
Number Per cent
Type of plane. c~~es. of total.
Curtiss····· · ·· ···· · · ·· · ·· ··· ···· - ······ ·- · · · · ··· · · ' 1,092 87. 36
DeHaviland . . . . .. . ..... . .. . ......•. . . . .. . . . . .. ·.. . 86 6. 88
Foreign . ...... . . .. . .. .... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2. 80
Scouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 28
All others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 28
Unknown ...... • - . . . . ..... ... . . . . ... . .. .. . ... . .. .. 5 .40
Total .. .. ... . . . . . ......... .. ..... . .. ... ... . . 1,250 100.00
Tabulating injuries and fatalities according to type o
plane we find the Curtiss plane was used in 87.36 per cent
of all crashes reported, but was responsible for only 75.78
of total fatalities. In the matter of injuries, however, it
rises slightly above the relative proportion of crashes,
being charged with 88. 78 per cent of all injuries.
The highest fatality incidence in ratio to the number of
crashes occurred in the use of "Scout" (including all
scouts except foreign planes) planes, 43.75 per cent of all
crashes terminating fatally to the pilot, as against 9.20
per cent for the Curtiss machine.
A brief summary of injuries by type of plane is given
herewith:
Type of plane. Killed I . ed [ Unin- Un- T t 1
· niur . ·! jured. known. 0 a ·
-----------!--- --- -!-- - --- ·
Curtiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 269 ! 669 3
De Haviland... .. ....... . ... 13 19 1 52 2
Scout .. ... . . . · · ··· · · · - · · · ·. . . 7 , 5 ; · 4 ..... . . .
Iu~t~r·::::::::~::::::::::: ~ I ~ ·, ~ !::::::::
Unknown . ... . .. . .. .. .. . ..... . ..... . \ 1 4 .· · ... . . .
TotaL ....... •.. .. . .... ~ l~ i~ i--3
Percentage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 80 j 24. 24 J 64. 56 I 0. 40
1,09 2
96
1 6
3 5
1 6
5
1 .• 250
100. 00
Taking up the question of age and its possible bearing
on the cool judgment and resourcefulness so .necesary fo
the case of a flier, it is interesting to note that the per
centage of crashes attributed to bad judgment on the part
of the pilot shows a steady decline from the young pilot
of 18 or 20 to the more mature judgment of the flier of 30
to 35 years of age. In reverse ratio are the percentage of
crashes listed as unavoidable, which show a percentage of
only 12.08 of all crashes occurring among pilots from 18
to 20 years of age, and rises to 26.81 per cent of all crashes·
among pilots from 27 to 30 years of age.
Number of crashes, are percentages of total, m which
the cause was shown as bad judgment or unavoidable
are given below:
Cause of crash.
Age of pilot. Bad judgment. Unavoidable.
t
1
--------- --,-- - - ---------
18 to 20 years .... . . ....... _ ... .
21 to 25 years . . . . . . ..... . . . .. .
24 to 26 years .. ..... .. ..... . . .
27 to 30 years .. . . . .. .. _ . . . . . . .
31 to 35 years . . · -·· ··· - · · · . . . .
36 to 40 years ... .. ..... . . . ... .
41 to 45 years . .. . . . .... . ... . . .
Unknown ..... . .. . .. ·-·· · ····
34
226
166
91
25
6
3
43
58. 63
51. 71
44.12
41.36
40.98
50.00
60.00
53. 09
7
70
67
59
14
12. 0 8
16.
17. 9
26.8
22.9
02
l
1
5
. . .... . . i. ···· ·20.-0· 0
7 8. 64
-
Total.. . .......... . .... ~~ 225 --18. 00
1 Percentage or total crashes chargeable against each age group.
l
n
•
3
In basing a conclusion in the preceding table that age
might have a tendency to promote prndence and cM"eful­neBB
in a pilot, and assuming that the ranking of pilots
to a large extent followed their experience and natural
ability as fliers, one would expect to find the percentage
of crashes due to bad judgment on the, part of the pilot
steadily decreasing on passing from the lower ranking
officers to the higher, and· the· percentage of unavoidable
crashes steadily increasing. -How well such a conclusion
is borne out is shown by the following table:
Cause of crash.
Bad judgment. Unavoidable,
Rank of flier.
- - - - ----------- --· --------
Enlisted personnel .......... .
Cadet . ......... ..... . ....... .
14 42. 43 4 12.12
213 56.80 43 ll. 46
Second lieutenant ........... . 283 44. 77 123 21. 04
First lieutenant . .. . ......... . 38 38.00 25 25. 00
Captain ...•. . ........ .. .... ..
Major .. ..................... .
Lieutenant colonel .......... .
11 39.29 8 28.57
2 16. 67 5 41.67
3 60. 00 ·-········ ... . ......
Colonel. ........ . . .. . ..... ... . 3 50. 00 .......... ··-· · ·· ···
Civilian instructor .......... .
Unknown ................ . .. .
4 50.00 ... .... ... ..... iiia 23 45.10 7
Total. .......... . . . ... . 594 47.52 225 18.00
1 Per cent of total crashes chargeable against each group according to
rank.
Segregating all era.shes by rank of fliers, gives the fol­lowing
figures and percentage:
Number I Per cent
Rank of flier. of crashes. of total.
Enlisted..... ... ........ . .. ... .... . . .... . .. ..... .. 33 \ 2. 64
~!i~~<i iieuteiiaiii:: :: : :: : : : :: : : : : : : :: :: : : :: :: :: : : : il~ ·1 1':::
Firstlieutenant ... · . ...... . .. ,. .. .... ....... .. ..... 100 8.00
Captain...................... . .. ... ..... . ......... 28 2.:M r~!ri!i~~t:~~~~~~!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::J 1i · :;
~~:::;?::::·:·:::::'.::::::::::::::::::::::::/~ ,~
Segregating the crashes according to the resulting dam­age
to the plane, we find that a little over 43 per cent of
total era.shes reported resulted in a complete wreck of the
machine. Spins, collision in arr, nos(l dives, and side slips
show the greatest proportion of total' wreckage of plane,
with the following,percentages: 93, 82, 74, and 67 per cent,
respectiyely. Of all crashes ·attribilted to "Bad landing"
23.6 per cent resulted in a complete wrnck of the machine.
A short summary of damag6B to plane resulting from
era.shes is shown below:
Damage to airplane. Number Per cent
of crashes. of total.
----- ------------- ---- ----
Complete wreck ....... . ...... . ......... ... . .. .... .
Undercarriage, propeller and wings .............. .
Undercarriage and proi:eller . . . ............ . ..... .
t~J;1!:~~:e ~wi,;gs.".::::::::::::::::::::::::
Propeller ... . ... .. ... .. ........ . .. .. ... ..... . .... .
Undercarriage ..... . ......... .. .. . ......... . ..... .
Wings . .... . ..... . .. . ......... .. ..... . ..... .. .... .
Slight: ....... .. .. .. . .. .. . ... . . . . ... .. .... .. ... . .. .
Unknown ................... .. ................... .
Total. ........................... . . . .. ..... .
539
160
125
89
84
84
63
57
17
32
1,250
43. 12
12.80
10.00
7.-12
6. 72
6. 72
5.04
4. .56
1. 36
2.56
100.00
Taking up the question of fatalities and injuries resulting
from crashes it will be seen that they vary proportionately
to the severity of damage to plane. In 95.56 per cent of all
fatalities occurring, and in 80.86 per cent of all injuries, the
plane was completely wrecked. Nearly one out of four of
the crashes (23.93 per cent) resulting in a complete wreck
of the machine caused a fatality; and 60 pe~ cent of the
remaining resulted in more or leBB serious iriJuries to the .
pilot.
A brief aumma.ry of crashes by damage to plane and re­sulting
injury to pilot is given below:
Fate of pilot.
Damage to airplane. I
. Un- Un-
Killed. Injured. injured. known. Total.
-----------,-- - --- - - - --- ---
C'omplete wreck............. 129 245 163 2 539
Undercarriage, propeller and
wings ..... ..•. .... ............. .. .
Undercarriage and propeller. 1
21 139 100
5 118 1 125
Propeller and wings . ............... .
Undenarriage and wings.... 1
2 . 85 2 89
s· 75 84
Propeller ..... . ...... ... ......... ... . 3 81 84
Unden arriage ... . ...... ........ .... . 4 59 63
Wings... . .......... ... ...... 1 4 52 .57
Slight . ....................... -. ..... . 1 16 17
Unknown ......... -, ......... 3
Total. ......•... . ......
Percentage ... . ........ . .... .
13.5
10.80
10
303
24. 24
J.9
8(J1
64.56
5
0.40
32
1,250
100. 00
A distriqution of fliers by age for the year 1918 shows the
following percentages:
Age.
19 years ............... .
20 years . ... ... .. .... .. .
21 years . . .......... . · .. .
22 years .......... .... . .
23 years ..... ...... . ... .
24 years ............... .
25 years ..... .. ... . .... .
26 years ....... . ....... .
Zl years .. . ............ .
28 years .... .. ......... .
Per cent I or tot"!. ·
0.5
4.9
8.9
12.7
13. 7
12.9
11.8
10.0
6.8
5.8
Age.
29 years ...... .. .. . .... .
30 years ............... .
31 years ..... · . .. .. . . . .. .
32 years ...... · .• .•. : ... .
33 years ............... .
34 years ... . . .. ... . · .... .
35 years .............. ··
36 years ............... .
Total. .......... .
Per cent
of total.
4.5
3.6
2.2
1.2
.6
,.5
.2
.3
100.0
A comparison of the ages of fliers as shown on special
crash reports received during the years 1918 a.nd 1919 and
that of fliers on duty for the year 1918, by age groupB, shows
the following:
Per cent
Per cent of total
of total -spe~ial
fliers for crash
year 1918. reports
re<'eiYed.
18 to 20 yea!S ,. .... ................. .. ..... ... .. .. 5.4 4.64
21 to 23 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. 4 34. 96
24 to 26 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. 5 30. 08
Zl to 30 years . .. .. , ... . . . . ........................ 20. 7 17. 60
31 to 35 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 7 4. 86
36 to 40 years................... . ... . . . . ..... . ... . .3 . 96
41 to 45 years·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Unknown..... .. ... . .............................. _. . ._ . . _. . ._ . . ,_ __6_ . 48
Total. ..... . . ...... .... . ..... . . ... . . ..... . . . 100.0 100. 00
ALBERT E. TRUBY,
Colonel, Medical Corps.
STATISTICAL REPORT ON AIRPLANE CRASHES IN THE AIR SERVICE
DURING I 920.1
(Prepared in the Office of the Chief Surgeon, Air Service.)
A total of 312 crashes of heavier-than-air craft were rP.­ported
by flight surgeons at Air Service stations during
1920. Those include all crashes.of military airplanes in
which damage ;as dime to the airplane and is thought
to include practically all crashes during the year, and
certainly includes all serious crashes.
TABLE !.-Crashes by stations.
(The crash is charged to the station at which the pilot was flying.)
Crashes.
Aberdeen......... . ....... .. . . 4
Bolling ..... . ..... . ..... .. .... 15
Camp Bierne ........... ... ... .
Camp Benning..... . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Carlstrom..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chanute ........ . . . .. . ..... . . .
Crashes.
March.. . .. .. ....... . ..... . ... 14
Marfa... . ....... . . .. . ....... .. 7
Mather ..... . .... . . -. .... . ..... 6
Middletown ... . ...... . . . .. , . . . 2
Mitchel.. ... ... ..... .. . .. ... . . 36
Montgomery . .... .. ..... . . .. . .
Clark ..... ... . . ... . ..... .. ... . 9 Park .... . ................ . . . . .
Coblenz . . ....... . ... . .. . . . ... . 2 Post.... .. ... . .... . . .. . . . . . ... 14
El Paso .. . ....... .. . .. .. . . .. . .
Fairfield . .. . . . .. ............. .
9 Rich . .. . ..... . . . ... . . . .... . . . . 2
2 Rockwell . . . .. . ... .. .. . . . . . . .. 7
France .. .. . . .. . . . .... . .. .. ... . 5 Ross ...... . ... . .. . . . .. . ...... .
Kelly ... . .......... . . . ....... . 39
Kindley ......... .. .. ... .. . .•.
Langley. . .... . .. . . . . . .. . ...... 18
,Laredo.. . ............. .... ... . 12
Love. .. .. . ..... ..... .......... 2
Luke .... .. .... . ........ . .... . 9
McAllen . . ........ . . . . , . ... ... 17
McCook... ... .. . . . . .. ... . ... . . 17
Sanderson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Souther.................. . .... 3
Border Service Activities ... . .
Ream ............. . ..... . .... .
Red Bluff .. ........ .. ... . .... .
Fresno .... . . . ...... . .. . . .. ... .
7
2
5
Total. . ......... ... .. . . . 312
TABLE 2.-Number of crashes in each month.
Crashes.
January.... .. . . .. . . . . .... .. ... 16
February. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
March ............... . ... .. .. . 33
Crashes.
August ..... . ..... . : ....... ..,.. 26
September .. . ... . ... ... , . . . . . . 23
October.. . .. ..... . ... . ... .. ... 15
Aprll..... . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . 43 November.... . .. . ..... . . . ... . 24
May... . . .... ... . . ....... .. ... 34 December. . . . ...... . ... ...... . 25
June . .. ..... . ... . .. ... .... .... 24
July ........ . ..... .. . .. ... ... . 25 Total ............ . ...... 312
TABLE 3.-Crashes according to rank of pilot.
Crashes. I Crashes.
Not given... . . ... . .... . .... .. . 1 Field officer (n:ajor and
Enlisted. . ...... . .. . . . . .. .. . .. 17 lieutenant colonel) . ... , . . .. 14
Cadet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Foreign and naval officers.... . 7
Second lieutenant ... .. .. . . .. . . 159
First lieutenant.. . . .... . ...... 44 Total. . . .... . . .. .... . ... 3~2
Captain .. ...... . .. . . . .. . ...... 24
NoTE.- The number of officers in the Air Service in
each grade on June 30 and December 31 were as follows:
June s6.
Colonels . .. ........ ... .... . . .
Lieutenant colonels ..... .. . .
Majors ... . .. ..... . ........ . .
"captains .. . ........ . ..... .. .
First lieutenants ........ .. . .
Second lieutenants ... · .. ... . .
Decem,ber 31.
11 Major generals .. . . . ......... .
14 Brigadier _generals .. . .. . .... .
31 Col<:mels. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1
259 Lieutenl\nt colonels..... . ... 15
249 Majors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
507 Captains ... .... . ......... . ,. 86
First lieutenants , . . .... . . . .. 284
Second lieutenants...... .. ... 497
Total . . ............... 1, 071 Total. ... ... . .. ....... 1,015
The average number of cadets under training was 220.
TABLE 4. - Crashes according to rating of ,pilot.
Crashes.
Not given. .. . .............. . .. 50
No rating . . . ............... . .. 14
Airplane pilot and J . M. A ... . 207
Airplane observer. ... ......... 1
Balloon pilot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Crashes.
R . M.A ..... .. ... . ..... .. .... 34
M. A ... .. ...... . . ... . . . .. .. . .. 4
Total. ...... . . . . .... ... . 312
NoTE.-The number of officers in the Air Service with
flying ratj_n,gs during 1920 was as follows:
June 30. I December Sf.
Air pilots . . .. . ..... . ..... . . . .. 615 i Air pilots . . .. . ..... . . , .. . . . .. . . 575
M.A . . . ... . ... . . . . ... .. . . ... .. 39 I M.A . ... , . . .. . . .. .. ... .... . . .. 5
J.M. A. · ···· ..... . . .. ...... · ·_'.: I
Total. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ... 720 Total ...... .. .. . ... . . .. .. .. . 580
TABLE 5.- Age of pilot.
Crashes. I Crashes.
Not given .. ... . ... . ....... .. . 6 31 to 35. . . .. . . . .. .• .. . . . . .. .. . 52
Under 20.. . ..... . .. . . . . . . . . . . 6 36 to 40.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
21 to 27 ... . . . . . . . .. ...... . .... 183 4lto45 .... . . .. . . .. .. . ... .... . 4
28 to 30. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Total.. ... . .. . . . . .• ..... 312
TABLE 6.-Crashes according to class of training which pilot
h:ad received.
Crashes. I ·Craslies.
Not give11. . . .. . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Reconnoissance....... . . .. ... . 43
Cadet training.. . ........ . . . .. 9 1 Bombing. . ...... . ..... . . . . . . . 43
Pursuit. . . . . . ..... . . . ... . . .. . . 133 Total. .. . ...... . ... _ ... . 3!2
TABLE 7.-Hours dual instruction of pilot prior to crash.
Crashes.
Not given. .. ......... . .. .... . 29
Less than 6 . . ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 54
6tol0 ...... . ........ . ... . .... 123
Crashes.
26to30 .... . . . . . . , . . ....... .. . 13
31 to35.. . .... . ... .. ..... . . ... 4
36to40 .. . ... .. . . .. . . . .... . ... 5
ii to 15... . . . . . . .......... .. . . . 40 41 to 45 .. . . .. .. .. . ... ... _.... . 13
16to20 .... . . • .. . . . . . .... . .... 26
21 to 25... . .... . . . ..... . .. ... . 5 Total. . ... . .... , . . . : . . . . 312
TABLE 8.-Hours solo flying by pilot prior to crash;
Crashes. I Crashes .
Not given ........ . .... . . ,.. .. 19 1 51 to 70 ... . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 to5.... .. .... . .. . ... . . . ..... 4 70to100 .. ... . . . .... . .. , . .. . . . 10
6tol-O..... . ...... . . .. .. ... ... 2 I 100to200 .... . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . 36
11 to20 .. _ . ... . .. .. .... . ....... 10 Over200 . . . . ...... .. . . . .. .. . . . 199
-21 to'30...... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . 10 -
31 to 50.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Total.. . . .... . ... . .... . . 312
TABLE 9.-Hours flown by pilot during month preceding
crash.
Not given . .. .... .... ..... ~~~he:9 _ \ 20 to 30 .... ..... . .. . _ . .... ~~~h~~
5orless . .. . ...... . .. . . . ... . ... 50 31 to40 ... . . . ..... . .... . . . .. . . 16
6 to 10....... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 41 to 50. . ... . .... . .. . . . . . . .. . . 17
ll'tQ 15.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 -Over 50... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 7
16 to 20 . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
21 to 25.... .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Total. . . . ....... . .. .. . . . 312
1
A total of 344 airplane crashes were contained in reports received by the Information Division, Office of the Chief of Air Service, during the.
calendar year 1921. The_ discrepancy is accounted for by the fsct _ that 14 crashes · were not investigated by flight surgeons because of their
minor character and of their occurrence st points somewhat inaccessible to a flight suri:eon. ·
(4)
'
TABLE 10.-Month in which pilot was last physically ex­amined
prior to crash.
Crashes. ! Crashes.
Not given or more than 12 ! July ... ... ........... . . .. ..... 73
months previous. . ....... . .. 59 11 August. . . ..... .. ... . .. . . .. . .. 14
January ... .... . ... ........ . .. 86 September... ... ....... . . . . . .. 12
!:~~~::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ I ~~~e:;;;_·.·.::::::::::::::::: !
April....... . .. .. . . ....... ... . 3 1 December .... ... . . . .. . . . . ... . _l
!:·.::'.::::::::::::~::::::::: ~ Total. .. ..... ... ..... .. . 312
TABLE IL-Number of previous crashes of pilot.
Crashes. I Crashes.
139 pilots. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 5 pilots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
77 pilots.. .. .. .. .... . ... . . .. .. 1
1
5 pilots..... .. .... .... . . ...... 6
37 pilots . .. .. .. .. . .. ..... .. . ,. 2 2 pilots..... ......... .. ... .... 7
31 pilots .. ... .. .. ... .. ..... ... 3 1 pilot........................ 10
15 pilots .... · · ·· ... ··········· 4 Total. .................. 312
NoTE.-The number of pilots in the Air Service on
J!lne 30, 1920, was 720, and on December 31, 1920, was 580.
TABLE 12.-Physical <iefects of pilots who crashed as deter­mined
by last prior physical examiriation.
Crashes.
No physical defects. . . . . . . . . . . 284
One eye 20/30 to 20/30. . . . .. . . . 3
Both eyes 20/30 to 20/30 . . .. .. .
One or both eyes less than
20/40 . ... .. .. .. .. .... ........ .
Defective depth perception . . .
Esophoria. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
Exophoria... . ..... .. .. . ...... 1
Hyperphoria.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Hyperphoria and esophoria ...
Low prism divergence with
Crashes.
Ear drum retracted . . .. .... ... 1
Unstable nervous systeμi . . . . . 2
Elbow deformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Color blindness . .. . .... .... . , .
Nystagmus .................. .
Otitis inedia . . . . .... .. ..... . . .
Nasal obstruction .. . . . ....... . .2
Hyportrophied tonsils ....... . 2
Defective teeth . .. ....... .. -·.
Perforated ear drum ........ : .
esophoria...... .. ....... . .. . 1 Total. ..... .... . ... .. . .. 312
The majority of physical defects noted in this table were
not causative factors of the crashes reported.
TABLE 14.-Previous flights made by pilot on date oj crash.
Crashes. Crashes.
None .. . .. . ... . ..... .. ... ..... 185 Five. ... .. . . . . ...... ... ... . ... 8
5
TABLE 18.-Result of crashfor pilot.
U~jur~ .. . .. .. ......... ~~h;:.; I Killed . . ..•.. .. .. .. ... . ... ~~~he;4
Slightly mjured .. ... .... ... ... 48 T al -
Severely injured .. ... ... ... .... 13 ot · · .. · · · · · · .... · .. · · 312
TABLE 19.-Cockpit of pilot.
Crashes. I Crashes.
Not given.. .... ... .... ......... 23 Single seater.... . ........ .. .... 27
!::~~::~:::::::::::::::::::::: 2!~ TotaL . .. . . . ... .. ..... . 312
TABLE 20.-Result of crash/or passenger.
Crashes. Crashes.
No passenger . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 84 Severelyinjured..... . . . . • . .. . . 10
Uninjured .. ... . . ...... .. ..... 160 Killed . ..... .. . ......... . . .... 12
Slightly injured....... . . . . . . . . 46
Total. .................. 312
TABLE 21.-Type of plane.
Crashes. Crashes.
Not given.... ....... ....... .. . 3 SE-5A.. ... . ...... . ... . .. . ... . 5
JN-4H ... ...... .. . . ......... . . 26 La Pere .. ,.. . . .. . . ....... . .. . 2
JN-4HG. .. . ..... . . . .. .... . ..• 1 Nieuport.. .. ..... ... ... ... ... 3
JN-6H . ....... ....... . . . . .. ... 26 Sopwith... . . . . .. .. ... ..... . . . 1
JN-6HG1. .. . ............. . .... 9 Fokker.. ... .. . . ..... . . . ...... 4
JN-6HO.. ... . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . 1 Vought .. .. ...... .... .. .... . .. 2
Curtiss unclassified........... 16 Thomas Morse.. ... . . ..... . . .. 2
DH-4 .. ............ . ..... ... .. 68 Avro .. .... .... .. ..... . .... .. .
DH-4B .. .. , . ...... . ... . .... .. 124 All others.... . ...... . . .. ....... 4
De Haviland unclassified. . . . . 1
SE-5 ......................... 13 Total. .. .. .. .... ... . ... • 312
TABLE 23.-Damage to plane.
Crashes.
Not given -or not known.. . . . . 6
Undercarriage broken... . .. . .. 16
Propeller broken. . .... . . . . . • . . 10
Wings broken. . . . . ....... ... . . 15
Undercarriage and propeller
broken ... . . .. .... .... . . .... . 37
Undercarriage and " ings
broken ... .... .... . .......... 26
Crashes.
Propeller and wings broken... 26
Fuselage broken ..... : . . . . . . . . 26
Complete wreck or washout ..• 134
Plane burned..... .... . . .... ... 16
Total.-. . . ... ..... ... .... 312
TABLE 24 .-Day of weeJr,.
One ........................... 77
Two . ...... ... ............. .. . 20
Three..... . .... . ... . . .... . . . .. 11
Four.. ... . . . . . . .... .. . .. ... .. . 6
Six ... ... ..... . ... .... .. .. . .. .
Seven .. ...... .. . .. ... . .... ... .
Nine ......................... .
-~ Crashes. Crashes.
2
Monday. . . . .. . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . 51 Saturday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Tuesday . .. . ... ·-······ · ····· · 50 Sunday· ..... · .. . .. , ............ 23
TABLE 15.-Duration of flight before er.ash.
Total.. ....... . .. . ...... 312 Wednesday.. . .. . . . • • . . . . . . . . • 54
Thursday ..... .. ... . . .... ... .. 47
Friday . ... ..... ..... . ......... 47
Total.. . .. .. ..... .. ..... 312
Crashes. Crashes.
Not gfven.... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 18 3 to 4 hours. .... ........ . ..... 6
TABLE 25.-Ti'me of day.
Less than 15 minutes... . . . . . . . 87 4to 5 hours .. ·. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . 3 Crashes. Crashes.
15 to 30 minutes .... .. ... .. .. , . 54 5 to 6 hours.. . ... .. ........... 1 Not given.. . . .............. ... 1 2to4p.m ......... .. .. .. .. . •. 65
30 to 60 minutes... ..... . ...... 65 Over 6 hours..... .. .. ... ... . .. 1 to·6 a , m........... . ........ 6
1 to 2 hours.... ... ... .... ..... 58 Total. ........... , .. . · •.· 312 6 to 8 a, m . ........ . ~...... ... 7
1 to 3 hours.. . ... . ... . ....... . 19 8 to 10 a. m. ... . . . . . . .. . .•.... 49
TABLE 16.-Nature of work being performed at time of cr(llJh.
10 to 12cm ..................... 100
12to2p.m ........ .... ...... . 33
4to6p. m ..•............. . .. . 43
6to8p. m.... . ... .. . .. ....... 8
Total ........ . .. .. ...... 312
Crashes. . Crashes. TABLE 26.-Weather.
Not given.. ...... .............. 22 Testing ......... : . ... ......... 23
Instructing... . . . . . .. . . . .. • • . . 8 Bord.er patrpl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Receivinginstruction.. .... .• . 15 Cross country flights . . .... .... 104
Practice flight .. .... . . .. . .. . . . . 89
Stunting or acrobatics .... . .... 16
Ferrying.. . . .. ................. 9
TABLE 17.-Nature of pilot's duties at field.
Total.. ................. 312
Crashes.
Stormy... ... . ................ 7
Rain or snow. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Foggy. .... . ....... .. ........ . 9
Crashes.
Clear ...... . , ..••••....... , ... . 238
Hazy ......................... 11
Windy ... .. ...... .... .... .. . .. 2·1
Gusty.. .... . ... .......... ... . 4
Cloudy ..... ·:.. .. ... . . . . . . . . . • 17
TABLE 27.~Terrain.
Total . .. . . . . . . . .... .. . . . 312
Crashes. Crashes.
Not given.... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . • . 2.3 Regular flying duty lnclud- Crashes. Crashes.
Under flying training.. .... ... 51 ingofflcerson border patrol.. 63 Not given. . ....... .... ...... .. 29 Soft (ploughed or muddy). . .. 48
Flyinginstructor ............. 17 Total .......... . ....... , 312 Level .... .... ...... . . ......... 138 Rough .. ,..................... 2
Administrative (adjutant Woody ....................... 15 Water . . ....... . .. . . ...... ... . 10
squadron officer, flight sur- Hilly.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. I T ta! 312
goon, ehgineer, radio, sup- Rolling.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ° · · · · · .. · · · .. · · · · · · ·
ply, etc.) .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. . 158 Marshy.. ... .. ..... .. .... .... . 9
6
TABLE 28.-Stage of flight at which accident occurred.
Not ~ven" ....... . ..... . . .'.~~h es~ I Landing .................. ~~~h~
~~e~~~~ .~~: :: :: : : : :: : : : : :: :: : : :; 'rota!.. . .. . .. .. ... . .. ... 312
TABLE 29.-Altitude at which trouble began .
Comparison of resu ts between crashes of D H-4 and DH-
4B airplanes.
TOTAL NUMBER OF DH-4 CRASHES, 68.
No pas- Uninjured
Crash es.
On ground. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Less than 100 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
100 to 300 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
300 to 600 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
600 to 1,000 feet. . ...... ...... . . 12
1,000 to 3,000 feet. . . . . ...... ... 43
Total. senger or,----,----
Crashes. not given. N be I R
3,000 to 6,000 feet . . . . ..... . .. .. 14 = r · ate.
6,000 to 10,000 feet............. -------- ---,---- _
1
_ _ _
10,000 to 15,000 feet... . . . . . . . . . 2 Result to pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 55 80. 86
Over 15,000 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Result to passenger. . . . . . . . . . 68 · · · · · · · · 9 · 41 69. 48
·Total. ........ .. . . . ... .. 312
TABLE 30.- D-istance of .~ite of c:rashfrom field.
Crashes. Crashes.
On home field . . ...... .. ... .... 106 6 to 8 miles...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4"
One-half mi le or less. . . . . . . . . . 23 8 to 10 miles_ .. :. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 5
One-half to 1 mile.. . ... . . . . . . . 5 10 to 15 miles.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2to4miles, ................... 9 -
1 to 2 miles . ...... ....... . . . . , . 15
1
Over 15 miles... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4 to .. 6 miles..... . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 4 Total. . ... . . .... . ....... 312
' T .rnLE 31.--Cause of crash as reported by flight surgeon.
Crashes. Crashes.
Not known.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Terrain conditions. . . . . . • . . . . . 45
Failure of engine.............. 94 Weather conditions . ..... .... ·. 27
Defect of plane ......... .'...... 26 Unavoidable.. .. .. ... ... .. .... 6
Fire..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Controls refusing to work . . . . . 3
Flat turn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Inexperience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Slightly
injured.
Severely
injured. Killed.
it':.'- Rate. it':.'- Rate. it':.'- Rate.
----- -----!--- --- --- ---- - ---
Result to pilot ... ....... . .
Result to passenger ..... .. . 13 22. 03 2 4 5.88 1 3 4.42
3. 38
6
3
8. 84
5.08
TOTAL NUMBER OF DH-4_B CRASHES, 124.
Uninjured
Total.
No pas­senger
or ,----,----
not given. Number. Rate.
---~----- - -,---------- ---
Collision ................. : . . . . 20 Air pocket...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . 1 Result to pilot. ... .... . ..... .
Nose dive...... . .............. 1 Gasoline exhausted..... . ..... 8 Result to passenger ....... '. ..
124
124·
104
90
83.87
79.64
Side slipping..... . ..... . . . . ... 3 Spin. .. .. .. .......... . ...... .. 6
Stall....... .. . .... ... ........ .. 16 Poor pilotage. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . 7
Misjudged landing.. .. ... . .... 19
Pancaking .. ........ .. ,.,.. ... 9 Total.. ................. 312
TABLE 32.-Cause of crash as deti;rmined by crash board.
Crashes. Crashes .
.f ~1i_ght1y
miured.
11
Se~erely
lllJured. Killed.
. INurn-1 R t Nurn- R t Nurn-' R t
I
ber. a e. ber. a e. ,· ber. a e.
Terrainconditions ... , .. ...... 17 _
1
_ \ _____ _
Failure of engine.............. 45 Weather conditions........... 6 Result to pilot... . .. . . . . .. 10 8. 06 3 2. 41 7 5. 64
.Defect in plane... . ... . . . . . .. .. 11 Unavoidable.... .... . .... .. ... 4
6
Result to passenger .......
1
18' 15. 92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. 42
Fire ......... . _. . ....... ....... 3 Inexperience ... ..... . . .. . . . .. .
. Not known................... 70
Flii.tturn ..... : . ... : . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Air pocket . ........ ... ...... . .
Collision ... . .. . . .. . , .... .... .. 10 Gasoline exhausted .. ...... . .•
1 Of the above airplanes which ·crasbed, 1 DH-4 and 8 DH- ffi's were
5 burned.
Nose,dive ....... ... . . .. ..... .• 1 _Spin..................... . .... 3
Side slippmg ...... . ... . ...... .
Stall ........ '. . ......... .... . . .
3 Poor pilotage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 No crash board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10;,
Misjudged landing ..... .. . ... .
Pancaking .. . . .. ... . .. .... ... .
3
Total. ... .. . ... . . ... .... 312
2
TABLE 33.-Ari-ival of first aid.
·cra~hes.
Not given or not needed.... .. 98
Immediately . . ... . . ...... . -·· . . 70
5 minutes . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
IQ minutes. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
20 minutes ... . - . ........ _ ... .
30 minutes .... .. ..•.... .... . ..
7
6
Crashes
1 hour..... . . . . .. ...... .. ... .. 8
2hours ....... . ... : ..... . ...... 4
3 hours .. . . .. :·: ....... . . : . _ . .. .
4 hours or over . .. ............ .
Total. ...... . . .... ...... 312
TABLE 34.-Ambttlance.
None ...... . ... . .... . .. .. ...... 193 Airplane ambulance. . ........ 10
Crashes. I . . . . Crashes
:~:.~~~:·::::::::::::::::: 10!. · Total... ..... :, .• .. ... . .... 312
Number of flying hours from January 1, 1no, to Decem­ber
31, 1920: 74,105.
NoTE.-As an example of the information which can be
secured, the following correlated data on crashes and in­juries
in crashes of P ·.S:-4 's and DH-4B's is given.
According to information obtained from the supply
group, the total number.of flights made by the DH-4 plane
was 6,713, total flying time 11, i62.21 hours. The t.otal
number of tl.ights made by the DH-4B plane being 12,322.
ancJ total fl,ying time 24,404.90 hours.
From the above comparison it appears thirt the DH-4B
is much ~fer for the pilot than the DH-4. The degree o
safety as shown by the percentages of killed and seriously
injirred being as 8.05 in the DH-4B'sto 13.26in theDff-4's.
The danger · t:o the passenger is also leBB in crashes of tha
DH-4B than in crashes of DH-4, the ratio being 11.1! 5.08
in the cmshes of DH-4B's to 8.64 in crashes of DH-4's.
In crashes of DH-4's in which pilots were inJured or
killed, 12 out of 13 pμots were piloting from the front
cockpit. In the crashes of the DH-4B's in which the
pilots were injured, or killed all were piloting from the
front cockpit.
The danger of fire in the DH-4B, however, appears to
be much greater than· in the DI{-4,
. .,
STATISTICAL REPORT ON AIRPLANE CRASHES IN THE AIR SERVICE
DURING THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 1921, TO DECEMBER 31, 1921.
(Prepared in the Office of the Chief, Medical Section:)
INDEX TO TABLES.
Table 1. Crashes b )l stations.
2-. Number of crashes in each month.
3. Crashes acmrding to rank of pilot.
4. Crashes according to rating of pilot.
5. Age of pilot.
6. Crashes according to class of training whic)l pilot had received.
7. Hours dual instruction of pilot prior to crash.
8. Hours solo flying by pilot prior to crash.
9. Hours flown by pilot during month preceding crash.
10. Month in which pilot was last physically exaniined prior to
crash.
11. Number of previous crashes by pilots.
12. Physical defects of pilots who crashed as determined by last
prior physical examination.
13. (Not used.)
14. Previous flights made by pilot on date of crash.
J.5. Duration of flight before crash .
16. Nature of work being performed at time of crash .
·11. Nature of pilot's duties at field.
18. Result of crash for pilot; rank of pilots killed.
19. Cockpit. of pilot.
20. Result of crash for passer.;:er; rank of passengers killed.
21. Type of plane.
22. (Not used.)
23. Damage to plane.
24. Day Qf week.
25. Time of day.
26. Weather.
27. Terrain.
28. Stage of flight at which accident occurred.
29. Altitude at which trouble began.
30. Distance of site of crash from field .
31. Cause of crash as reported by flight surgeon .
32. Cause of crash as determined by crash board.
33. Arrival of first aid.
34. Ambulance.
A t.otal of 328 1 crashes of heavier-than-air craft were
reported by flight surgeons at Air Service stations of the
Regular Army during the period covered hy this report.
These are all of the crashes occurring at stations where
there was a flight surgeon. In addition, reports of two
crashes, occurring at stations where th'l:!re were no flight
surgeons, and in which there were fatalities, were ob­tained
from the training and operations group. The two
fatalities caused by a bomb explosion at Aberdeen a,re
not included in these statistics, as this was not considered
an -airplane crash. The crashes reported include all
accidents in '\"hich there was any material damage t.o
the airplane as the result of a crash. There was but one
crash by a lighter-than-air craft during the yea,r with no
deaths resulting.
I
'fABLE 1.-Crashes by stations.
(The crash is charged to the station at whic~ the pilot was flying.)
Aberdeen, Md. . ............... 1 Fort Sheridan .. . .... ... .. ... .
Bolling Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Godrnan Field . . .. ........... .
.Border service activities...... 16 Kelly Field. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . 39
Camp Holabird...... . ... . . . .. Kindley Field .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 2
Camp Lewis.................. 2 Langley Field .. . ............. 65
Carlstrom Field .......... . . . .. 33 Luke Field . .. _.. .... .. ... .. ... 4
Chanute Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s McCook Field..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Clark Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 March Field . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Coblenz, Germany . ... ..... .. . 3 Mather Field.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Crissy Field ............ .. ... .
Dorr Field . ............ .. ... . .
Ellington Field. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 12
Eugene, Oreg................. 4
Fort Howard . ........ . ...... .
Fort McPherson. ....... .. . . .. 1
Fort Omaha...... ........... . 1
Mitchel Field. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Montgomery, Ala... .... . . ... . 2
Pope Field .. ............. . . . .
Post Field. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Scott Field . ....... .... ...... .
Total . ... ..... . . .. .. . . .. 330
TABLE 2.-Number of cr-ashes in each month.
Crashes.
January .. .. ........ . ......... 23
February. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20
March ............... .... . .... 25
April ...... .. ...... . .......... 22
May .......... . ... ...... ..... .. 27
June ..... ... .. . . ...... .. . . . .. . . 33
July . .. ......... . .... .. . ...... 41
Crashes.
August .......... . ... .. . .... . . 44
September.................... 43
October............... ...... . . 19
November........ . .... . . ... .. 15
December. .... .... ....... .. ... 18
Total. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 330
TABLE 3.-Crashes according to rank of pilot.
Crashes.
Notgiven.. ... .. . .. .. ..... ... . 1
Enlisted........ . ........ . .. . . 13
Cadet . .. . ......... ............ 62
Second lieutenant. . . .. .. . . . . . . 31
First lieutenant . .. ............ l47
Captain .... .. ... . ......... .... 43
Major . ........................ 21
Crashes.
Lieutenant colo!lel............ 4
F\)feign officer. . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . 5
Marine Corps officer.. .. . . .. . . . 2
Navalofflcer . ... . ...... . . .. , .. 1
Total. ............... ... 330
The average number of cadets in training during the
period covered by this report was 180.
TABLE 4.-Crashes according to rating of pilot.
Crashes. I Crashes.
Not given... .. . .. .... . ........ 35 Airplane pilot and J . M. A .... 198
No rating...... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . 89 R. M. A ... .................. _. _s
Total.. ........... . ..... 330
On December 31, 1921, there were 861 Air Service offi­cers
of the Regular Army with flying ratings. The number
of Reserve officers with flying ratings on December 31
was approximately 5,000.
TABLE 5.-Age of pilot.
1 A total of 344 airplane crashes were contained in reports received by Crashes. I Crashes.
t~e Illforrnation Division, Oflfce of the Chief of Air Service during the Not given.... ... .............. 7 41 to 45......... .. .. . ..... .... 5
calendar year 1921. The discrepancy is accounted for oy the fact that 1 21 to 27. . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . 185 46 to 50 ...... .... ........ .. .. .
14 crashes were.not investigated by flight surgeons because of their minor 28 to 30. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . 74
character and of their occurrence at points somewhat ii;raw~ible to a 1 31 to .35.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 48 TotaL · · ·"" • · • · · · · · · · · 3.
1
0
flight surgeon. 3q to ,jO.. . . . . . . . • . . . .. .. . . . . . . IO
55312 0-31-2 (7)
8
TABLE o.-Crashes acc.ording to class of training which pilot TABLE 14.-Previous flights 11iade by pilot on dat~ of cra.~h.
had received.
Crashes.
Not given.... . . . ... . . . ..... .. . 26
Cadet training ........ . . .. .. .. 18
Pursuit . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
C·ashes.
Bombing ..... .. .. . .. .. . .. .... 69
Two or more of above. . . . . . . . • 20·
Total. . . .. . . .. . .. ... . ... 330
TABLE 7 .- Hours dual instruction of pilot prior to crash.
Crashes. ' Crashes.
Not given . . ... . .... . , .. . ...... 22 26 to 30. ......... . . . .. . . . . .• . . 12
Less than 6. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 41 31 to 35.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 6
6 to 10 . . . . . .. . . . . . .. ..... . ... . 119 36 to 40.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
11 to 15 . . . ...... .. . .. . . . .. . ... 51 41 to 45 or above . . ... . . . ..... . 25
16to20 .. ....... . . ... .. . . . .... 30
21 to 25.. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 22 TotaL • .. . . .... . ..... ... 330
T i\BLE 8. -Hours solo flying by pilot prior to crash.
Crashes. C ashes.
Not given .. ... .... . . .. ..... .. . 14 51 to 70 .. .. ..... . , . .. . . . . . .... 10
1 to 5.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . 5 71 to 100... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6toI0 .... . .. . . .. .. .... .. . ... • 5 100fo200 ... .. ...... ... .. ... . . 73
11 to 20... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 7 . Over 200 .. . ... ... . . .. . .. . . .... 161
21 to 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 12
31 to 50 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Total ... . .. .. . .... .. . ... 330
TABLE 9.-Hours flown by pilot during month preceding
crash.
Crashes. I Crashes.
:::·r.:t ::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ I~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::: 2~
6tol0 .. ... .. ... . .... ....... . . 51 41 to50........ . .. . . ... .... . .. 6
lltol5 .... .. .. . . . . . ...... . . . . 57 Over50 .... . . . , .. .. ... . .... . . . 10
16 to 20 . ....... . .. .. . . . . . .. . .. 44
21 to 25 . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . 33 Total ... .. . .. .. . .. . ..... 330
TABLE 10.-Jfonth in which pilot was last physically exam­ined
prior to crash.
Crashes. ·1 Crashes.
Not given, or more than 12 }921:
months previous.. .......... 17 January. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 10
1920: February . . ....... .. .. .... 6
January. . .. . . . . .. ..... . ... March .. . .. . ... .. .. . .. ·.. .. 8
215 pilots ... . . .. .. _ . ... . . . ~~~htso I 2 pilots .. ... . ...... . .. .. ~ '.'.~ht\
57 pilots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 pilots . .. . ..... . .. · . . . . . . . . . 7
:~~:::·.·.::::::::::::::::::: ! I : ~::~::::::::::::::::::::::: ;
5 pilots .... . .. . ... . . . ... . .. . 41 3 pilots .. , . . . . . .. .. ....... .. 5 330
TABLE 15.- Duration of flight befo re crash.
Crashes. L Crashes.
Not given....... . .. . .. . .... . . . 20 I 3 to 4 hours. .. . ....... ... .. . . . 14
Less than 15 minutes. .. . . . . . . 94 4 to 4 hours .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
15 to 30 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5 to 6 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
31 to 60 minutes... . . .. . .. ... .. 54
1 to 2 hours .... .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . 58
2to 3 hours ... . . . . . .. ..... . . . . 17
Over 6 hours .... ...... . . ..... . 2
Total .. . .. . . . . .. .. ..... . 330
TABLE 16.-Nature of work being perfprmed a(time of crash.
Crashes,
Not given.. ....... . . . ... .... . . 1
Instructing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO
Receiving instruction . . . . . . . . . 13
Practice flight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Stun ting or acrobatics.. . .. . .. 7
Ferrying.... ... . ... . .. .. ..... . 17
Testing.. . .......... ... .. . .... 21
Crashes.
Border or forest pat rol . . . . . . . . 18
Cross country flight..... . . . . . 129
Bombing or bombing prac-tice
. .. , . . , . ..... . .... . .. . . .. 11
Total. .... . ...... •... . .. 330
TABLE 17.-Nature of pilot's duties at .field.
Crashes.
N<>t given. .. .. .. .... . . .. ... ... 11
Under flying training .... . ... .. 122
Flying instructor ... . . . . .. ·- .. 8
Regular flying duty, incltiding
border 11nd forest patrol. . . . .. 52
Crashes.
Administrative (adjutan t ,
squadron officer, flight sur­geon,
engineer, radio, supply,
etc.) . ..... . ....... . . . ... . .. . 137
Total. . ... ..... , . . . . . . 330
TAl)LE 18.-Result of crash for pilot.
Uitinjured . . . - . .. . .. . . . .. . ~~'.1'.'h:i~ I Killed . . . . . ... . . . . . ..... . ~r-~-h~~
Slightly injured.. . ..... . . . ... . 40 T 1 -
/ileverely injured .... ·. . . . . . . . . . J 4 . ota · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · 330
Rank of pilots ki lled.
May .. ... ·.. . . . ......... .. 1 April.. . .... . . . .. .. . . . . ... 3 Crashes. Crashes.
June. .... .. ..... . . .. . . .. . . 8 May .. .. ,. . ... . ... .. ...... 2 Enlisted ..... . . ... . .... .. . . .. . 4 Captain.... ... .. .. . . . ... ...... 5
July . . . .. . . . . . ... .. . .. . .. . 69 June. ... .. . . . . . . .. .. .... . . 4 Cadet . . . .. . .. . . ..... .... . .... , 6 Major . . ... . .. ... . .... .. . . .. .. .
August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 July . . .. . ... .. .. .. . .... . ·.. 154 Second lieutenant. .. . . . . . . . . . . 6
September. ...... .. . . . . . . . 13
1
August. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 First lieutilnant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
~ctobet·· · ·· ·· · ··· · ····· ·
1
~ September.···· ·· ·· · ······ 3 TABLE 19.-Cockpit of pilot.
ovem er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . .. ... . . .. . . "' . . . . . 330
December . .. ... . · . . ... . . .. 5 Crasbes. I Crashes.
TotaJl .... . ........ . . . , . 38
TABLE l l.--¥umber of previous crashes by pilots. Notgiven •. ... . . . .. .. ... . •.... 11 Single seater . .... . . ... . ...... . 44
Previous cm.shes. Previous c:ashes. ~:~~:: : : :: : : : : :: : : :::: : : :: :: : ~ Total..···· ···· ···· ·'··· 330
154 pilots... ... ... . .... .. . . ... O 4 pilots.... . .. ... . .. ... . . .. . 5
87 pilots... ... ... . .. .. ..... . . 1 1 pHot.... . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. ... 6
49 pilots . . . .. .. ... ... . ... . . . . 2 2 pilots ..... ... ,.. . . . . . . . . ... 7
~ pilots. .... .. ... . . . ... .. . . . 3 / 2 pilots.. .. . .. ... . . . . .... ... 9
8 pilots . ... . ... . . . . . .... . . .. 4
330
TABLE. 12.-Physical defecf,3 of pilots u;ho, crashed as deter­mined
by last prior physical examination.
Pilots.
No physical defects . . .. ...... . 306
One eye between 20/20 and
Pilots.
Flat foot.... . ... . .. ..... ..... . 1
Varicxele ... ......... . . . .. . .. .
TABLE 20.-Result of crash/or passengers.
Passengers.
No passenger . . .... . . . . . . . ... .. 100
Passengus.
Severely injured .. ·. . . . . . . . . . . . ll
Uninjured ..... ... : . .. . . .... . . . 185 Killed .... · ····· ····· ··· · ·· · ·· · 31
Slightly injured...... ... . . . . .. 26
Total . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. 355
Thenl were 6 passengers, including 2 civilians, killed
in one cr11Bh, · and also 1 passenger severely injured and
1 (civilian) killed in one crash. One otb.er civilian
passenger W!IB killed, making a total of .4 civilians killed
20/30 ... .... .. .. .. • . :. ·· · • · ·• 1
Both eyes 20/20 to 20/30. . • . . . . 2
Overweight. . . : . . . .. . ...... . . .
Cardiac murmurs . . . ... .. _. _ . .
1 who were flying 11B passe:Ii.gers in Army aeroplanes. Three
Hyperphoria. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Exophoria ..... ... ... .. . .. . .. .
Angle of convergence . ........ .
Hearing-one ear defectiYe ... .
He,aring- both ears defective ..
U ris table nervous system_ ....
I
6
! I
Cardiac arrhythmia . ... . .. ... .
Hypertrophied tonsil~ . . · . . .... .
Hypertrophied turbinate ..... .
passengers were killed and 1 severely injured in a single
crash, and in another crash 2 passengerti were killed.
1 Statlstbs of the Information Division, Office of the Chief of Air
Total . ... -.. .. ... . . .. . . . 330 Service give the number of pilots killed as 39, number of passengers, 32;
The majority of physical defect8 noted in this
were not causative factors of the c~hes reported.
1 total, 71. The discrepancy is occasioned by theinclusion by the Informa­tabl
J tion Division of 2 fatalities (one .pilot and one psssenger) which occurred
e I at Aoordeen when the tail skid of an airplan~ struck 11nd. e,i:ploded a
, bomb.
.,.
l
9
Rank of passengers killed. TABLE 29 .-Altitude at which trouble began.
Civilian ........ ... . . ...... . .. .
Enlisted ... .... ... . ...... • . . . .
Cadet .. . ....... . ..... .. . . . . . . .
First lieutenant . ... . .. . ... . .. .
4 1
14 i
51·
7 .
Lieutenant colonel.. ... . . . . .. .
Total... . .... . . . ... . . .. . 31
Crashes.
On ground .... . ..... . . . . ... . .. 130
Less than 100 feet.. . . . . . . . . . . . 60
100 to 300 feet. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . 44
300 to 600 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ~ I
Cra"hes .
:i,ooo to 6,000 reet... ........ . . . 16
6,000 to 10,000 feet.. . . . . . G
I0,000 to 1'\000 feet. ... . . .
Total. ......... . . .. . .. . . 330
TABLE 21.- Type of plane. 600 1 o 1,000 feet . .. .. . . . . .. ..... 11 I
1;000 to 3,000 feet.. . . ...... . ... 41 ,
Crashes.
JN-4H. .. . ....... .... . . ..... .. 6
JN-4HG . .. .. . . .. .... . .. . .... . . f
JN-6H . .. .. ... . .. . .. . . .. . .... . 33
JN-6HGI.. ..... . ...... ... ... . 1
Curtiss unclassified.. .... .. . ... 14
Caproni.. . . . . .. .. .... .. . .. . . . . 1
DH-4. .... ... . . . . ... ........ .. 6
DH-4B ... . . .. .... . . . . . .. ... .. 195
De Haviland unclassified... .. . 6
Handley-Page .. .. . . . .. . .... . .
Cra5hes. TABLE 30.-Distance of $ile of crash/rain field .
Fokker..·· · ·· ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Crashes I Crashes.
SE-5 .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · ·· · · · · 28 On home fi eld .. . ... . .. . . . . .... 102 G to 8 miles. . . ..... .. . .... . . . . . s
SE'....5A ... .... ......... . ....... ~ One-half mile or less.. . ....... IA IS to 10 miles....... . . . . .. . . . ... 4
Nieuport. · · -· · · -· · · · · · · · · · · · · · One-half to 1 mile. .. .... ...... 9110 to 15 miles. ....... . ... . ..... 13
Martin bomber· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 1 to 2 miles..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Over 15 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H3
Thomas Morse .. .. ...... . .. . . . 5 2 to ', m,·1e.s .................... 8 II T
All other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Ho 6 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ot.al. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3:!U
Total. . ...... . . ....... .. 330 TABLE 31.-Cciusc of crash as reported by Jli:;ht surgeon.
Crashes. Crashes.
Not known _ . _ .... _ ....... _ ... · 8 Spin.. . . . ............. . .. ..... 6
TABLE 23.-Dam.age to plane. Acute physical impairment... l
Failure of engiue. . .... .... ... . 84
Defect in plane .... . .. . . . ... .. 31
Poor pilotage............. .... 19
Atnight ... . ...... . . . . . . . . . . .. 6
Crashes.
Not given or not known. . .. . .. 4
Undercarriage broken. .. .... . . 13
Propeller broken .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Wings broken .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. 6
Undercarriage and propeller
broken . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
l!ndercarriage and wings
broken.. . .. . .. ...... . . .. . ... 25
Crashes.
Propeller and wings broken. . 10
Fuselage broken. . . .. ...... . . . . . 42
Complete wreek or washout . .. . 154
Burned...... . . .. . ... . . .. . . ... 26
Total. ....... ... . , ...... 330
TABLE 24.- Day of week.
Crashes. J . . Crashes.
Monday. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Saturday..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Tuesday..... . ... . .. . ..... .... 40 Sunday............... . . . . .. .. 25
Out of oil. .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Flat turn.... ... .... .. . . . .. ... l
I
Tire trouble . .... . ... . . .. .. , .. .
Collisrnn...... ... .. . . . . .. . . . . . 17 Stoppage in gas feed . ... . . .. . .
Sic\e slipping..... . ... . . . . . . ... 5 , Bursted oil lead ....... ... . .. . .
Skidding.. . ..... ... . .... . . .. .. 2 I Fa tigue of pilot .. ... ........ . .
Stall . . . . . ....... .. . .... . ... . . . 9 1 Unavoidable . .... . ... . .... . . . .
Misjudged landing . ..... . . . ... 31 Controls jammed ...... . .. . .. . .
Pancaking.... .... ...... . . . . . . 10 Air pocket . ... . .. .. . . .
Terrain conditions . . ... . . ... . . 32 Commercial gasoline . . .
Weather conditions .. . . . . . . . . . 24
Inexperience ....... .. _ . . . . . . _. 4
Total. ......... ......... 3:JO
Gasoline exhausted.. . .. . . .. . . 10
TABLE 32 .- Cause of crash as determined by crash board.
Crashes. Crashe,,.
Wednesday ... .. ........ . . ... . 62 Not known........... . . . . . . . 27 Inexperience. ... . .-.. ... ... ... 1
Thursday. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Friday.... . .. . . ..... . .. .. ..... 52
Total. · ············· ·· · · 330 Failure of engine ..... . .... . ·... . 27 Gasoline exhausted.... ... ... . 3
Defect in plane. ... . . ... . ... . . . 9 Spin .. . ................ . .... . . . 4
Collision. . ........ . . . . . . . . .. .. 12 Poor pilotage. ...... .. . . . ...... 6
T.\BLE 25.-Time of day. Side slipping. ... . .. .. .. ..... .. 3 , At night.......... .. .. .. . ... . . 5
Skidding. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Out of oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Crashes.
Not given. . . .. .. .. . . . ......... 3
lto6a.m . . .... . . . . . ... . . . ... 1
6to8a. m .. . .... ...... . ..... . 8
8tol0a.m . .. .. ... ..... . ..... 58
lOto 12m .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . •. . .. . 87
12 to 2 p. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
c rashes. Controls jammed... . ... ... . .. . . 2 Tire trouble..... . . . . ... .... ... 3
2 to 4 p. m. . . .. . . . . . ... .. .. . . . 66 Air pocket.. . ...... . . . . . .. .. .. Stoppage in gas feed. . . . . . . . .. 3
4 to 6 p. m... . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 38 Stall. ... . ..... . . ·. ... . . . .. . ... . 7 Unavoidable........ .. .. . ... .. 7
6to8p.m ..... ..... . . . ... . ... 19 Misjudgedlanding ....... . . .. ,. ,o Nocrashboard .......... .. . . . 161
8 to 12 p. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Pancaking··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 1 Total. . ... . .. . .. . . . ..... 3:Jo
Terrain conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ·
Total. .... . ... . .. . ... . , · 330 Weather conditions.. . .. . . . . . . 12
TABLE 33.- Arrival of first aid.
TABLE 26.-n·eather. Crashes. Crashes.
Not gl·ven or not 11eeded 97 31 minutes to l hour .,.. .. .. . .. 5
Crash es. / Crashes. · · · · · · · · · ·
N Immediately .... . .. ... .. . .. ... 121 1 to 2 hours... . .... . . . ...... . . 5
ot given. ... . . ... . . .. . . ... .. . 2 1 Rain or snow....... . ...... .. . 7 3 to 5 minutes.... .. .. .. . .. . . .. 57 2 to 3 hours.. ..... . ... . .. .... . I EL ,~,~ ~ ·::~~"' • ~: ,t: :~r:s:: :: "" ::: ~ ::" ,;
Stormy ... . .. . ... . .. .. . ... .. . . 22 I TABLE 34.- Type of ambulanct used.
TAB-LE 27 .-Terrain.
Crashes.
Not given.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Level. .... .. ....... ... ... . .... 151
·woody .... . . . .. . . . ... . ... .. .. 12
Hilly .. . .... ... .. ..... . .. ... . . . 20
Rolling.. . .. . . ..... . . . .. 20
Marshy. .. . . . . .. . ........ .... . 5
Crashes.
Soft (ploughed or muddy land) 31
Thickly settled or small.. ... . . 9
Rough........... . .. .. . . . .. . .. 49
Water... . ........ .. .. . .... .. . 22
Total. . . . . .. . . . . .... . ... 330
TABLE 28.-S tage of flight (1ff, which accident occurred .
Crashes.
Not given . . .. . . . . . .... . .... . . . 2
Gett(ng off.. . . ............. . .. 63
In air..... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . ... 89
Landing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Crashes.
On ground........ ..... . . . .... l
Total. ... . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. 330
None .......... .. . . ..... .. C~ht~ I All others .......... ..... .. ~~~~he;~
Motor ambulance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 --
Airplane ambulance . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 330
Number of flying hours from .January 1, 1921, to Novem­ber
30, 1921: 65,882.53. The number of flying hours for
December, 1921, is not at present available.
NoTE.-The above statistics have not been analyzed or
correlated, but all crash reports have been coded and code
cards prepared and punch ed , so that analysis and correla­tion
of any of the statistics .given above can be made at
any time and in a few minutes.
ALBERT E. TRUBY,
Colonel, Medical Corps. U. S. A .,
Chief of Medical Sectwn .
STATISTICS SHOWING RESULTS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR
FL YING, 1920.
Number of examinations arranged according to the purpose for wi,i· • the examination was gi-ven.
Civilian applicants for appointment as cadets, Air Service- ___ ... . _ ... __ . . __ . _ ............... . . .. .. _. _..... . 232
Enlisted applicants for appointment as cadets, Air Service .. ........ . .... ... . . ...... .... ·............. .... .. . 640
Officers for commission in the Air Service, Regular Army .................................................. 1, 138
Semiannual examinations (given in January and July of each year) ... _._ ............................ _ ..... _. 1,237
Special examinations (given when ordered by the commanding officer or thought advisable by the flight surgeon) 17
For transfer to the Air Service from other branches of the Army ....... _ .... _ ..... . ... ..... ....... . , . . . . . . . . 44
For training of nonflying officers detailed with the Air Service and nonflying Air Service Officers, including
Medical, Naval, and Foreign Officers._ .............................. _................................... 192
Total physical examinations for flying during 1920 . ............. ................... ..... .. . .......... 3,500
(a) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF CIVILIAN APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS
AIR SERVICE.
Qualified. Disquali"ed.
Age. Total ex-
Waived for all
service.
Waived, lighter
than air.
Waived for
observer.
amined. 1---- ----r---- - ----11- -------1--------1-------
----------- --i---- Number. Per cent. Number. , Per cent. Number. I Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent.
1,0 . I······I···II 11!!1 l rot ! I) ?
(/,) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIOf:& os~l-s'i:~~-TED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS,
Notgiven.... ................. 22 1 14 63.64 8 36.36 .......................................................... ..
Under21years ...... . .. . ...... 205 146 71.22 57 27.80 2 0.98, ...................................... ..
21-27years.................... 339 249 73.45 85 25.07 4 1.18 1 0.30 .................. ..
28-30years.................... 34 17 50.00 15 44.11 2 5.89 ...................................... ..
31-35 years.................... 25 10 40.00 15 60.00
1
..... ....... .. .......... .. ................................ .. l!:tl~;, : >···~· i···::, :11~ sr;1· <1 <. < :
(c) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIQNS FOR FLYING OF FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR COM­MISSION
IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
~~11~~~~~\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...... ~- .. ---:~- .. -i;-....... J-1... . Ji ....... ti· ----Ii·:::::::/:::::~'.~~:~~~~\~~\~\\~~~)~~\ 31-35 years.................... 168 146 86.87 14 8.37 8 4. 76 ..... ....... . .... ......... ...... . ...... .
36-40 years.... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 58 44 75. 86 14 24. 14 ......... , ................................................ ..
41-45 years.................... 22 17 77.27 2 9.09 1 4.55 1 l.55 1 4.54
4&-50 years.......... .. .. .. .. .. 11 5 45. 45 5 45. 45 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 9. 10 ...... ............ ..
------- - ------------->-----,----- - ---------
Total.. ............ .. .. .. 1,138 83.57 123 i0.81 59 5.18 4 .35 .09
(d) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
(A physical examina_tion_ f!Jr flying is required twice a year of all pilots. Some of those disqualified in this-table were for temporary disabilities
Assoonassuchdisab1!1ties have been corrected by proper treatment a reexamination is gi,,en,,and the pilot is again authori,ed to fly. See
next table.) ·
Notgiven..................... 38 30 i 78.95 6 15.791 2 5.26 ...................................... ,.
Under 21 years................ 74 66 89.19 5 6. 76 3 4. 05 ...................................... ..
21-27 years................... . 611 536 87. 56 38 6. 22 38 6. 22 .. ........ .. ....... ... ...... .... ....... .
2S-30 years.............. . .. .. . 204 178 87. 26 12 5. 88 14 6. 86 ......... .......... . .... .............. ..
31-35 years.................... 198 158 79. 79 22 ll.12 17 8. 59 1 o. 58
36-40years...... .. ............ 77 1 61 79.22 7 9.09 6 7. 79 ........ 2. ""'Z:oo' l 1.30
41-45. years................ .. .. 22 12 54. 55 3 13. 63 4 18.18 2 9. 09 1 4. 55
46-50 years. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . 12 4 33. 3S 5 41. 67 3 25. 00 ...................................... ..
Total . . ........... .. .... ~ 1~ r~,-~-9-8- ~---8-7-~i---4----.3-2---- -3-
1
---_-2-4
(10)
j
j
s:
f
.,,!
·' '
1
I
·1
-~
11
(e) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
(Upon advice of flight surgeons.)
I
Age.
Qualified. Disqualified. Waived for all
service.
Waived, lighter
than air.
Waived for
I observer. Total ex­amined.
1-----,-----+----:------t-----,----t-----,-----+----~ ---
Number.. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent.
Not given ......... . ...... .. ....... . .... . .......... . ......... . ... ... . . ..... . ............ . .... .. ..... ..... . .. ..... . .......... .... ......... .. . .
Under 21 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 100, 00
21-27 years ...... ......... . . . .. 12 7 58. 34 .... . ... 4 ..... 33." 33· . . . .. . . . . . ... ·s: 33· :: :: :: :: :: : :: : : :: : : : :; :: : ::::: : : : :::::::
28-30 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 50. 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 50. oo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... . .
31-35 years... .... . . .. . . . ... ... 1 1 100. 00 .... ... ...... . .. .. .. ................ .•.... .. . . . .. .... .. . ..... • .... .. .... .. .. . . ..
36-40 years . .... . . . ... . ... ... . . . . . . .... ... . ... . _ . .. ... .... .... ... .. ........ . .. ....• . . _ .... .. .. ...... ... _ ... _. _ . . . . . .. .......... . .. .... . ... . . .
4io1--5405 years ... .. ... .. .. .. . . .. .. . . ... .. .. . . .. ..... .. . . .. ............... . . . . . ..... . .... . .. . .. .... . .. .. . .. ...... . .. . ........ . ...... ... . .... .. .. . years. ... . .. ... ..... ... .. 1 1 100. 00 ....................................... . .. . .......... . ..... . . .. ...... .. ... .. ... .
Total. . . . . ... . ... . . .... . 17 11 64. 71 23.53 2 11.76 ....... . . . . . .... . . .. 1~==
(f) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF APPLICANTS (OFFICERS) FOR TRANSFER TO THE
AIR SERVICE FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE SERVICE.
g;~;:1~~~~::::::::::::::::. ......i: . ::::::::i: ::::ii:ii: ....... i; .... ~:::· :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::!::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::
2S-30 years .. . ....... . .... .. ... 10 7 70. 00 3 30. 00 .... . ..... . ...... • .. .. ............................. ....... . .
31-35 years. . . .......... .... ... 6. 4 66. 67 2 ;13. 33 .................... . ......... . . . ... .................. ..... .
36-40 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 50. 00 2 50. 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. .
41-45 years ... ... . . ·-.......... 3 1 33. 33 1 33. 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 1 33. 33 . .......... .. .... ... .
46-50::::;.-.-::::::::::::::::: . 4: ······~~: ---·~:~· 2: 1::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ····~· "··;:;~· ::::::::::j::::::::::
(g) RESULTS.t.BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR FLYING TRAINING OF NONFLYING OFFICERS DETAILED
WITH ·rHE AIR SERVICE AND NONFLYING AIR SERVICE OFFICERS (INCLUDING MEDICAL, NAVAL, AND
FOREIGN OFFICERS).
(The percentage of officers who were qualified as shown by this table is large owing to the fact that many non.flying officers of the Air Service, and
those of other branches attached thereto, had previously been disq ualilied for flying, or knew that they had physical defects, and therefore did
not take the examination.)
Not given... . .. .......... . ... . 8 8 100. 00 . . ... .... .. .. .. . ............... . ... .. .. . . . ........ . ..•.•...... . .... ... .. . . ... ...
Under 21 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .
21-27 years..... . . .... ... . ..... 93 88 94. 63 5 5.37 . . .........•.......•..•.......... . .........•...... ... .... ...
~;:~:::::~·:::::::::::::: ~! t'i ~!:~ ~ ~:~ ........ ~ ...... ~:~~. :::::::::'. :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::
~;:'J:::::::::::::::::::: 1g ~ ~:~ ~ ~:: ........ ~ . .... ~~·.~. :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::.
46-50 years. . .................. 1 1 100. 00 . . ..... . .. ...•....... . ............ . .. . ...... . ... . . ... • . .... . , ... ..... .. . .... .• . •
Total. . ... .............. . 192 179 93.23 11 5. 73 2 1.04 . ....... .. .... ... ............ ... .. .. .. .•
SUMMARY.
Results of physical examinations jrrespective of classes.
Qualified for flying or flying training ...... . .. .... .. .......... . ... · ............................. .. ... . .... .. . 2,783
544
159
10
4
J)isqualified for flying or flying training . .... .. . ... .. ......... .. ... .. ... .. . .. .. .. .... ....... .. _ . ... _ . .. .... .
Waived for both heavier and lighter than air .. . ..... .......................................... _ ...........•
Waived for lighter than air only .......................................•.. . ....... _ . ... _ .......... . ...... _.
Waived for observer only .. ..... ...... .... . . . . .. .. ............................. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... ... . .. . . .. .
Total physical examinations for flying during 1920 ...... .... . ........ ... ... .. .. ........ . ... . . . ....... . 3,500
Re$Ults, by ages, of physical examinations- Summary of Tables (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (!), and (g) above.
Age.
Qualified. DiSqualified. Wiaved for all Waived, lighter Waived for
Total ex-service.
than air. observer.
amined. ------
Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. I Per cent.
-----------1------ . --- ------ - - - --- -----
Not given ....•.. . .... ... ... .. .
Under 21 years .. .. ..... .... .. . .
84 59 70.24 21 25.00 4 4. 76-
333 238 71.47 90 27,03 5 1. 50
21-27 years ....... ... ......... .
28-30 years ............... . . .. .
1,885 1,549 82.17 255 13. 59 77 4.09
518 420 81.09 65 12.-54 33 6:37
3 0.15 .. ... .. .. . ········••
31-35 years . . ... ... ..... ..... . .
36-40 years .............. ... .. .
41-45 ,years .. . ... .... .... . .... .
46-50 years . . ..... . ...... .. ... .
434 352 81.11 56 12 .. 88 2,5 5. 77
HH 117 72.67 34 21. 12 7 4. 34
59 37 62. 71 11 18.64 5 8. 48
26 11 42.31 11 42. 31 ·3 ·11. 54
.......... . . .. ..... . 1 0. 24
2 1.25 1 .62
4 6. 7$ 2 3.39
1 3.84 ...... ... . . . .. ..... .
Total . . .. ...... ...... ... ~~~~~~l~---1-0----.2-8-1 41~
12
Causes of disqualification/or which no waivers were granted.
(All disqualifying defects found are given_,insome cases there being several defects found in the same man, so that the total number of defec:s
10und does not correspond with the number disqualified.)
1. CIVILIAN APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
Agenotgiven ....... . . .. . . . . .. 2 ..... 1 4 ·····-···1··········1 1 Under2lyears ...... ... ..... 16 2 8 3 1 3 2 3 ····1· ·..··.·.·.I.·.··.·.·. ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.'.,·.·..·.·/.·.·.··.· , 31 j. .. ................ 394 8112
~!rnmr~~\\\\):)\:: l :::'.: . .I I ... r :::I: :::J/: <: )(\/: (((:: ((:(: ):( ::?)(: :J (\\ii)\ ;1 1!1
41 to45years.·- --· ········---- 1 ·---· --·· · ····· -··-· l·-···1----- ·1--- ·-..... -, ..... ·· ··- ·-·--_-·-·-1·····1····· ·-··· ····· ··-·- ..... j ·2 3
Total.. ..... .. .. .. _. _____ 49_ 8_ 32_13_7_ !12-4 51_ 2_=-l-===-1-1=-9-==108261
3. FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
tt-:i~:~f~v.::.~s::::::::::::::::I::::: ::::: ---~- ::::: ::::: ::::: :::J::::1:::::1:: ::: ::::: ::::\::: ::::: ::::: :~::: ::::: :::::1::::: ::::: ·---~ 21 to 27 years _____ ._ ... ... _ .. __ 12 2 8 4 . __ . _ 4 2 __ . _ .
1
1 . . . . . 2 . . . . . 2 _. _.. 1 1 3 1 . . . . . 32 75
28 to 30 years .... _._. ____ .. _.__ 8 2 5 4 __ . _ 1 . _ - _. __ - _. __ - __ . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 . . . . . I 1 1 1 18 45
ti~~~ 1 l< {) }: ;I i<·•••• :I ;H<1'. H1: :; ,! '~
4. SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS-,
5. SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
11§~; >>·••••>><<I•••
11
~~~!::~~_:~::::::::'.::::::: ::::: ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: <:::•::• :•:•::•:<:: :•:•: •:•::•: :(::J ::::•:•f·•• ::•:• :•:•::•::1 :::: ::::•: >:::~: ::::~,
6. APPLICANTS FOR TRANSFER TO THE AIR SERVICE FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMY.
I
~
t
13
Causes of disqualijicat1:on for which no waivers were granted-Continued.
7. PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR FLYING TRAINING OF NONFLYING OFFICERS DETAILED WITH THE AIR SERVICE
AND NONFLYING AIR SERVICE OFFICERS, ETC.
ci ci ~ I ~ 1~ ,5 ,;, ~ 0 .; 0 ~ " :3 ""· ". ·~ ~ . -; . -0~0 ~ ·o" .a " ""' "' ~ " "'>, EJ VJ rn >. _g .0 ~ "' -;; 'O ci :;:: " " 0 "" •c:H:l l'.:lO -~-- <n E .0 a ·3 0/ .. a ·"s .. ;;; ·~"" ~ ~"-9] -·~·~" ~ 0 "§ "
.~ 1 a " ·2 .. ...; -~·a 6 0 .0 .0
~ 2l "' " i -~ o. 0 .s -~ " ~ ~ f . 6 3 "' ~ " -"' ;-:;:;, "' '§; '§; -M -M :i .... " " " " "' 0 -~ ~ "' " " > ;::l 0 A ~ < ~ Pi z P4 f'< ~ is: < < < ;:El I z < < < E-4
Age not given .... . . ... .. ...... _ . ........ . . •. ...... . . .. .. . ......... . _ ....... . ............ . ............... . . .. .. ... .. . .... . . . ..... ... ... . _
pnder 21 years . . . ...... . ..... . . .. ...... . , . .. , ....... ......................... . ..... .. ..... . .... . . .. . ... . . . ... , .... . . . .. · . ...... ... .. . .. .
~tiiJf!?~::::::::::::::::::: i ... 2 .... 1 .. . . 1. 1i ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :: ::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ... ~. 1g
~t~~~;=~~::::::.::::::::·:: ::::; :: ::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ... i. :: ::: :::::!::::: :: ::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ... ~. ~ ::::::,: : < , : :1 :11 ,: rl:::::::::: 1 :::::: :;Pl .a<
SUMMARY OF TABLES 1 TO 7 ABOVE SHOWING NO WAIVERS.
Civiliijn applicants. . . . .. . ..... 29 4 15 s J 4 5 4 2 . [ 5 II 1 1 1 2 . 8 1 . . . . . 61 [ 151
Enlistedapplicants . ..... . . . .. 49 8 32 1
1
3
2
7 12 4 5 · ·
2
2· . ·:·:· :· :· 1
5
. . .
1
.....
3
.....
1
.. 1
4 2
9
5 3 1
1
7
1
0
8 261
For commission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5 24 1 8 2 179
Semiannual examination. ..... 26 6 21 5 2 14 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 4 2 2 68 157
i~~:!~~~~~~'.~~~:::::::::: ... 7 .... 2. l ::::: ···2· ···;;1···i· ·,··2· ::::: ::::: :::::1::::: ... i. ::::: '" 'i· ::::: :: ::: ::::: ::::: i 3g
Ford:::~;::::: : :: : : : ::: : :::: 114: ,1 2~ 9: 1 ~ i 1: I··~···~~· 1: ··~· ::::: --~~r·~·i·~· ··~· ··~·1···~·1··~· ··~· ···~· 33: ~
Causes of disqualification waived for both heavier and lighter than air.
(No serious defects were waived.)
1. CIVILIAN APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS. CADE'llS, AIR-SERVICE.
2: E NLISTED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
3. FORMER TEMPORARY OFFIC£RS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
14
Causes of disqualification waived for both heavier and lighter than air-Continued.
4. SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
ci ci I I
] ,9 ~ ,; ::: ~ ll
" :3 "" -~ 1t - .; i Q
A Q " " ·@ 0
~ ~ " ~ Q .,,;, 0 "'» .0 "" ~ ~ ~" Q ""Q .::~ Q " ~ "' ~ 0 A .0 ·= :$ ~ ~-~ tl i § "" s ·s "" ~ ci "Z -~ 0 ·~ "' Q bl) :fl " ·;:: " ~ :3·0 _g.S :fl A -~ A r:l :§ " fC) e 6 >, >, ;i 0 -= " i ... bl) :a 'g ;:; ~ .... 0 "' "" "' " ""'' " "al "' 8 8 ~ ~ " 'cl Q ;; A :::1 < ~ II1 z P.. p,.. II1 ~ < < < z < < ~ Es
ttd~i~f;:.~:::::::::::::::: ... ~. ::::: ·· ·2· ::::: ::::: ... i. ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::: :: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::!::::: ::::: ~
21 to27yearn.. . . . ...... . ..... . 7 l 18 3 l 8 .... . . .. .. . .... ...... . . . ..................... . ... .. . . . . ·····!····· 9 47
m~i~;:g:::::::::::::::::: ; ::::: ~ ~ ::::: ~ ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ~ M
36to40 years. . .. ... . ... ... .... . . . . . .. . .. 4 .... . ... . . 2 .. . . . . . . . . . ...... . .... . .. .. .... . ..... . .. .. . ....... ····· ·····1····· 2 8 ~~~:!t:~~::::::::::::::::: -·~~·(~: ::~~: :::~: :::~: ~ f ::::: ::::: :::::1::::: ::::: 0[::::: ::::: ::::: 010 :::::(:::: ~;: l;
5. SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF .FLIE}l.S.
[{St H+Hi'.l++'+++HI 1 ++1 +++•••••'.i 36 to 40 years ... . ................. . .......................... ·: . ... ... . .. . ............ . ........... . ......... .... , . . . . . .. . ..... ........ . .. . !~t~:!t:~i::::::::::::::::: ::::: ::::: :::~: :::~: ::::: 0 ::::: ::::: ::~:f ::: ::::: :::::(:: :::::(::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::::: ::: ::::~
7. OFFICERS DETAILED WITH THE AIR SERVlyE AND NONFLYING AIR SERVIC$ OFFICERS, ETC.
28to30years..... . .. ..... . .... ... ···/···/····~4···. .... ····!····· .......... ..... ·,.4···. ....· ··1·····4···· ····I 36 to 40 years.... . ..... . ....... 1 . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 11 33
Total................... 2 ....... . . .
1
.....
1
..... 2 -~··· ..... ····+··· ..... ..... ·····I···· .......... 1
. . ..• ·····.·····! 2 6
Causes of disqualification waived for lighter than air only.
2. ENLISTED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
~ g e .:. ,9 ,;, ~ ,; "§ l.; ·@ < Q 0
A " :a "" " " 0 il
"' Q "' ~ Q "'» "'» " .0 ~ ~ '8 ci :g Q" Q ""Q Q " Q "' " l .0 ~~ ~ § .s "" ~ -i:: tl ~ -~ -~ Q "' ts A ·s
"" ~ "' " t;
<i .Cl ., 'il Q
~ A Q ~ _g-a
~ _g.S ~ -;3 .; 8 ], .Cl .s Po 1 0 "' ·:; 'cl ;i -= ... :::l -~ bl) .:!l " ~ ~ "al 'g 'g i ~ "' " " " " ~ ~ " 'cl 0 "' ~ ;::I
:> A :::1 < ~ II1 z P.. p,.. II1 < < < z < < E'<
----- - --- - ----- - - - --- - ------- - - - --------
Age not given ...... . . ..... ........ . ........... ..... .......... . . .. .. .. .... .. . ...... ....... ...... , ...... . ...... . . ... . . . . ............. ... .
Under 21 years .... . ............. . ...... . .. .. . . ..... . ..... , ............................ •...... .. .... . ...... , ... .. . ..................... .
21 to27years.................. 1 ... . . .. . ............ . ...... . ............... . ......................... , ...... ,... ..... .......... 1
28 to 30 yearn .. . ......... .. , ........... . . ..... .. .................... . ............ . ........... . . . . .... . .. .. .. . .. , ........................ .
ii~~ :g=!:,:::::::::::~::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :;::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :~::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::
41 to 4.5 years ................. . ... · .. .. . .. .. . ... ... .... . . , ... . ... . ....... . . .. ... .......... ... ........ . .. . .. . ... , ..... .... .. . .. .. ... .. .. . .
46 to 50 years .. ... .. . ................ . ........................ . ............ . ........ . ........................................ ... .. , .. ..••
Total. . ................ ·. 1 \· ·············· J·························· · ·· · · ··· ······l · ······· · ' :· · · ··i=······ ··--· ··· ······ 1
3. FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR .ARMY.
;t t~~;:~~::::::::::::::::::I t ... ~.I:::::::::::::::::::: .. .1.1:::::1::::: :::::/::-::: ::::: :::::l:::::j::::: ~::::!::::: :::::!:::::'::::: :
46 to::i::~·:::::::::::::::::1 : ~ l~1::::: :::::1::::: ··~·1=r::: :::::1::::: ::::: ::::: :::::1::::: :::::,::::: :::::f ::::: ~
4. SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EX.AMrNA'fIONS OF FLIERS.
l~~ ++••••• ' ••+ Im•••••+:+++++:++••••••••••+
SE~ > l>> '.>I ••••••··· ·•••·•·•••• 1 •··········· J
I L
15
Causes of disqualification waived for lighter than air only-Continued.
6. APPLICANTS FOR TRANSFER TO THE AIR SERVICE FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMY.
Causes of disqualification waived for observer only.
3. FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
4. SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
1 31 to 35 years. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . μ,1 1... . . .. ... ... ...p...... . . .. ... .•.I. .. .......... .. ·' . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1
36 to 40 years.. . .... .. ..... . . . . 1 . ..... . ..... .•. . . . .. . .. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
41 to45years... ......... .. . .. . ..... ..... . . ... . . .. . .... . _1 1·· ··· .. ... · ··· · ·· · · · . ... . ··· · · --·· · ····· -· · · · · · · •· · ···· · ···· · ··· · ··· ·· 1
Total.... . . ... ... . .... . . . 1 . .... .. .. . . . . . . ..... 2 . : ... .. .... , ... . .. . .. .... ... . . ! ....... .... .. .. . , .. . ...... ........ ·. 1 4
. . I '
Summary of Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. (heavier and l-ighter than air), Tables 2, 3, 4, and 6 (lighter than air only), and
Tables 3 and 4, above (observer only), showing waivers of physical defects.
SUMMARY OF TABLES 1 TO 7 ABOVE SHOWING WAIVERS.
ST A TIS TICS SHOWING RESULTS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR
FLYING, 1921.
Number of examinations arranged according to the purpose for which the examinat-ion was given.
Civilian applicant.'! for appointment 38 cadet.a, Air·Service .. ........ .. .................. .... ..... . ......... .
Enlisted applicant.a for appointment 38 cadet.a, Air Service . .. ...... ... . ...... . .... .. ....... . .... . .......... .
Officers for commission in the Air Service, Regular Army . .................. . ... . .. . ................... .. .. . .
For rating ,)n completion of flying training ......................................................... . ..... . .
145
377
167
199
Semiannual examinations (given in January and July of each year) .......... . ....... . . . .................... .
Special examinations (given when ordered by the commanding officer or thought advisable by the flight surgeon).
For transfer to the Air Service from other branches of :the Army ....... .... . .. ... .... ....... ..... ..... , ....•
1,521
49
123
For training of nonflying officers detailed with the Air Service and nonflying Air Service officers, including
medical, naval, and foreign officers, and Reserve Officers Training Corps student.a ........ . ............... .. . . 245
For commission in the Air Service Reserve Corps under flying status ............ . ........ .. ................. . 11
Total physical examinations for flying during 1921. .. ......... .... . . . ............................... . 2, 837
(a ) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF CI-VILIA N APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS.
AIR SERVICE.
Age. I Total ex-
Qualifed. Disqualified. Waived for all
service.
Waived, ).ighter
than air.
Waived for
observer.
aminecL ----- ---,·- ------ ,·--- ----- ________ _ , __ ___ _
Number. Percent. Number. Percent, Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent.
---·- -------,---- - - -- -------- ·-- - --- - - - ---- - --· ---- - -
Not given . . . .. . .. . ............. . .. . . .......... . ...... .. ............. . ... ..... . ... ... . .... .. .. ... . . ................... ...... ... . . ........ .. .
Under 21 years ... ... ... . ..... . 41 24 58. 54 16 39. 02 1 2. 44 . .. . •.......... . •.... . . . ............ ... •
21-27 years. .. . .... . . . ......... 104 60 57. 69 44 42. 31 ..... . ........ .. ............ .. ........... ... ...... .... .. . .. .
2!\-30 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .
31--35 years ... ... ..... . . . . . _ .......... .... ........ ,, . . .... . . .. . . . ..... . ...... ..... .. . .. ...... .... · ...... . . .. ..... .................... .. ... . . .
36-40 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .... ..••.
:L1g~:::_::~:.::::::::::::::: ~1~1::::~~:~~: :::::::~{::~~:~: ~~~~~~
(b) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATlONS OF ENL1S TED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS,
AIR SERVICE. .
~1r~~~~~~\\\~\)\\\\\\ ···~· ···~ir .... ~~~· ····~r ··in·::::::::~: ::::~t:t~.\\\\\\~ \\\\\\\)\\\\\~~~~\ ~~~~~~\)
31--35 years ...... . .. .. ... , . .. . . 3 . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. . . . . 2 EM). 67 1 33. 33 .•... •... .• . ..•..•.. . . . ..... . .. . .. ......•
36-40 years . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1 100, 00 .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .
41-45 years . . ...... .... . ....... . ... . ...... ..... .. . . .. . . .... . .. . . .... .. ...... ..... ·.···· ........................ . ......... . ................ .. . . . .
46-50 years .. ... .. .... .. ·. .. .. .. 2 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 100. 00 ...... ... ........ ...... . .............. ..... ........ .... .... . ---i----1 --- Total. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . 377 '07 60. 21 147 . 38. 99 3 • 80 ....................... . ....... .. . ..... .
(c) RESDLTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR FLYING OF FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR
COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
Not given . . .. .... ..... .... .... ! 1 1 100. 00 ....... .. .... . . , ....... .. .... . .. .. ................... . . . ......... . ... . ....... . . .
g~g.;i;!ls~~~~::::::::::::::: 1J ~ 1~:~ ··· ····iii· ····2i:of ········1· .... . 0:12· :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::: ::: :: ::
28-~ years... . . ...... ....... .. 24 rn 79.17 5 20. 83 .· ............................. . ..... ..... . . .... .. . ....... .. .
31-35years ....... .. .. , . ..... . . 3 2 66.67 1 33.33 . .. .. .. . .... . .. .... . .. ... ......... .. .... ....... ............ .
3E>-40 years ..... . ...... . ............ ....... . .. ............... .. . ... . .. .. ... ..... .. . ........... .. .... . .... .... ....... ...... .. . ..... ........ .. .
41-45 years ..... .. ... .. .... . . ... . .. ......... ....... ...... .. ......... ,. .... ........ ... ......... ... . ................. ... ... . . ........... ..... .. .
46-50 years .. . ....... .. ... . .... . ..... . .......... . '. .. . . .... . .. .. . . .. . .... . . . ... .... ....... . . ... .... . . .... ......... ... ........ .... . ..... ...... .
Total. . . . . . . .... . ... .... 167 131 78. 44 35 ~--. -l----.-60-~1~~~
(16)
17
(d) RESULTS; BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR RATING ON COMPLETION OF FLYING TRAINING.
Age. j Total ex-amined.
,---~~---,----~- --
Waived for all Waived, lighter I Waived for
serv1001 than sir. observer.
Number. I Per cent. Number. I Percent. Number. I Per cent. Number. Per cent. J Number. I Per cent.
Qualified. Disqualified.
!
;ri l .n I rn. n:rn1>· + I<:
.2 .~ 1 ·:: ii :.: I :: 1 ::r :1 : ~ l
Age not given ................. I
Under 21 years ...... . ........ .
21-27 years ....... . ..... .. .. , ..
28-30 years ... , ............... .
31-35 y.ears ...... . ............ .
36-40 years ........ .. ........ ..
41-45 years ....... .. . . .. ..... ..
46-50 years .................. ..
Total. ... .. .... .... ... ..
(e) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF SEMI-ANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
(This tr.ble include, Regular Agny officers, cadets and Reserve officers. A physical examination is required of fliers twice a year by existing
rerulation.s, but in 1921 the January examination was omitted and only the .Tuly semiannual examination held. $<,me of those disqualifie'.l
in this table were for temporary disabilities. As soon as such disabilities are corrected by proper treatment a reexaminatfon is given, and, if
the disqualification is found on such reexamination to ha\'e been remove:!, the pilot is authorize'.! to fly.)
Pi;~~iuz~~~~:::::: :: ::: : ::: : 7~ ...... ;tr .... ~jf 31 '1 114: :2213 I" ..... 323T .... ·:6· '. 2593;~ · :: : :: : ::1:: : : : : :o:.:3:0:: -: :_· _:_: :- :_ _::_ : _: I:_ :_ :_:_:_:_:_.::_:_
28-30 years .. _,................. 332 294 AA.55 14
31-35years....... .... ......... 239 198 82.84 12 j 5.02 28 11.72 ...... .... .... .. .... 1 0.42
36-40.years.................... 76 ~57 75.00 10 13.16 9 . 11.84 ... ................................. , .. .
41-45years .. ................ .. 30 21 70.00 2 ' 6.67 6 20.00 1 ·3,33 .. .. ...... . ........ ..
4~50 years. ;........ .......... 7 2 28. 57 1 14. 29 3 42. 86 1 14. 28 ...... .... ........ ..
51-55 years....... .. ........... 1 1 100. 00 ........................................ .. .................................... ..
Total.... .... .. ......... 1,521 1, 336 87.84 73 4.80 108 7.10 3 1 . 20 1 j .06
(e) (1) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS SHOWING NUMBER OF RESE~VE OFFICERS.
(e) (2) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF .SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS SHOWING NUMBER OF CADETS.
(1) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS ·oF FLIERS.
(Upon, ad vice of flight surgeon.)
~Wf!:~~1\;-;-~;~\~~(\\~(~ :::::::~: ::::::i :::ifr\:::::::i ::::iii ~~~~~(~(~t~:~~~~~( (((\~\(\(( (\((\\\) \\)\\~\\ ~\~\\~\\~\
:n-35 years.. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . 6 2 33. 33 p 2 33. 33 2 33. 33 ............................ , ......... ..
36-40 years.. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 100. 00 ........................................... · .. .. ........ .... ................... ..
!L~ :::(:_:::: :: ::: :: : ::: : : : : 1 · -.... -~:- : :: : : : :~~ f: :;~_: ~~: ::: : :: :~ :\: :::~~ : ~;: .. -.. ,. -: ·... . ~:: =·1:~:::::::: :: : : : : : : :: :: :: : :: : .::: :: : ::::
18
(g) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF APPLICANTS (OFFICERS) FOR TRANSFER TO THE AIR
SERVICE FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THE SERVICE.
Age.
Qualified. Disqualified.
Total ex-
Waived for all
service.
Waived, lighter
than air.
Waived for
observer.
ammed. 1--------1----~---1·---~---1--------1---~~---
Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. I Per cent. Number. Per cent.
----- - - ----!--------- ---- -------- --- --- ------
Age not given ...... , . . ... . . .. ............ ... .......... ...... ...................... . ... .......... . ... . .................................... ... .
Under 21 years.. ... ....... .... 2 2 100. 00 .. .............. .. ... ... . ...... . .................... . .......................... .
21-27 years... . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 69 58 84. 06 11 15. 94 ... ............. . ... . ... . ...... ... . ...... ........... ... . .. ..
28-30 years.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29 24 82. 76 I 5 17. 24 • . . . • . . . . . .. . . . • . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .•. • ••
31-35 years.... . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 19 13 68. 42 6 31. 58 . . ......... .. .... ...... ... . . ...... ... .. . .... . . .... .... ..... .
36-40 years....... ... . . . ....... . 2 1 50. 00 1 50. 00 ... ... . .. ... . .. ... . . . ........... . ...... ... ....... . . ........ .
41-45 years. . .... . ..... ....... . 1 1 100. 00 ....... ... . ............................. ..... ............ . .......... -- ......... .
46-50 years. ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100. 00 .............. .. .... . .. ... .. .. ........ : . . . .. ............ ... .
Total.. ...... . . .. _. .. ... . . 123 99 80. 49 24 19. 51 .................. . ........... -........... · · · - · - ·-I··· -· · · ···
(h) RESULTS BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR FLYING TRAINING OF NONFLYING OFFICERS DE­TAILED
WITH THE AIR SERVICE AND NONFLYING AIR SERVICE OFFICERS (INCLUDING MEDICAL, NAVAL
AND FOREIGN OFFICERS, AND STUDENTS, RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS). .
1~ ·,i···i1 ut1•••[~ : ii : :: :::
Total......... . . . . . . . . . . . 245 151 61. 64 1 90 I 36. 73 I 4 1. 63 . ·_ ............. ... . . ....... .. -j-........ .
(i) RESULTS, BY AGES, OF PHYSICAL EXAMff'll:iiNiLi~:;Gc~r:.;ii~ON IN THE AIR SERVICE RESERVE CORPS,
Results of physical examinations irrespective of cl1U1ses.
Qualified for flying, or flying training ......................... . ... ... .................................... , .
Disqualified for flying, or flying training ......... . ......... .... .... ..... .. ................. .. .......... .. . .
Waived for both heavier and lighter than air . ................. . .... . ...................................... .
Waived for lighter than air only .... . ................ . .......... : ...... . . . .............. ........ ...... . ... .
Waived for observer only ....... . ................... ... .................. .... .. . ...... .. ............. ... .
2,259
442
131
4
1
Total physical examinations for flying during 1921 .......................... . ........................ 2, 837
Results, by ages, of physical examinations-Summary of Tables (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (j), (g), (h), and (i), above.
Age.
Qualified. Disqualified.
Total ex-
Waived for all
service.
Waived, lighter
than air.
Waived for
observer.
amined. 1---~--- -1-- - - ~-- - 1----~---1---~----1---- ----
Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Nuniber. Per cent.
------- ----,----------------- ----------- - --- --
Not given........ .. ........... 2 1 50.00 1 50.00 .... .. ........................................ ... .......... .
Under 21 years....... . ..... .. . 327 220 67. 28 102 31.19 .5 I. 53 .......................... ... . ........ . .
21-27 Yei!rs..... . ... .. .... ..... 1,612 1,312 81. 39 256 15. 88 44 2. 73
28-30 yet,rs.......... ... ...... . 434 373 /l5.95 33 7. 60 26 5. 99 ··· ·····2· ..... o:46· :::::::::: ::::::: :::
31-3.iyears........... .. ...... . 308 246 79.87 29 9.42 32 10.39 ..... .. ... ..... .. ... 1 0. 32
36-40 years...... . .... .... ..... 98 74 75. 51 14 14. 29 iO 10. 20 ....... .... ....... . ................. . .. .
41-45 years...... . .... ... ..... . 3~ 27 71. 05 2 5. 27 8 21. 05 1 2. 63 .......... . ..... ... .
46-50 years.............. . .... . 17 5 29. 41 5 29. 41 f 6 35. 30 1 5. 88 .... . ... . .......... .
51-55 years.......... . ......... 1 1 100. 00 ..... . .... . . ........
1
_. ..................... · .... . · .. . . ....... . · · · · · ·. · · .... ·. ·. ·.
Total..... .. ... .. .. ...... 2, 837· 2,259 79. 61 442 15. 59 J 131 4. 62 4 • 14 1 . 04
)
19
Causes of disqualification for which no waivers were granted.
(All disqualifying defects found are given, in some cases there being several defects found in the same man, so that the total number of defects
found does not correspond with .the number disqualified.)
Cuss 1.-CIVILIAN APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
Cuss 2.-ENLISTED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
§HIE + 1J 1LD!d3 :, ++++++ ''.+ 1'1 Under 2lyears .. . ... .. . ... ... . 10 2 11 7 4 3 4 9 3 ... . . 1 \·· ··· ·· · ·· ·····~· ···· · ···· ··· ··· · · ·· 28 84
Total..... ... .. .. . . ... .. 36 10 49 18 1 16 10 14 24 4 1····· 1 . ... . . . .. . . ... . 2 . . .. . 2 I 1 . ... . 99 286
Cuss 3.-FORMER TEMPORARY OFFICERS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
M,d~~tt;:r;;:::::::::::::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::
!rnH~E~L::::::::::::::: i :::~: f ::t :::~: ::t ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: :·:::: :::~: 1 1
rii~:~:~t:::::::::::::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::
46to::t:~~·: : :: : :::: :: :::: :: ··<··~· ··;r·~· ··;· ··~· :::::· -~-::::: ::::: ··~·: :::: :::::: :::: ··~· ::::: ::::: ::::: ··~· ·~· ··~
CL.lSS 4.-FOR RATING ON COMPLETION OF FLYING TRAINING.
Fnder21 years ....... . .. . ... . . 1
.. .. . .. ....... . ..... . .... ·····!····· .... J .... 1····· ···+··· · ..... ·····!·····'··· ..... ...... ..... i 1
21 to::t:~~·: ::::: :::: :::: : : : : :::: ::::: : ::::: : :::: ::;::1::::: :::::\::::~:: :::: ::::1:::::: :::: :::::1:::::: :::: ::::: ::::: ::::: : :
CLASS 5.-SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
~~i~~ra~~:::::::::::::::: ::i~: :\ ·1 ··}:::i: ::i ::i ::i :::i: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ··~- J 28to30years. .. . . . ... . ........ 3 4 I 1 •. ... .. . . . . ... . ..... .. .. . 1 ..... . .. . .. . .... . . .. 12 22
3lto35years . .. . :... ... . . .. .. . 4 2 2 . . . . . ... . . .... . ..... . ..... . .. . .... ... .. . ...... . ......... . .. .... . . 10 19
36 to40years. .. ...... . ... . ... . 3 l 4 3 -- --· ..... .... . . . ... .. .. . .... . . ... . . ... . . . . .. .... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... 7 18
~ i~:~:::::::::::::::::::::: ...~ ...... ..: ~. ... ~. ::::: ···i· ::: :: :::: : ::::: :: ::: :: ::: ::: :: :: ::: :: :: : :::: : :::: : ::::: :: ::: ::: :: ... ~. r
Tot'\!...... .. . .. . .... ... . 21 3 21 5 1 9. 3 2 2 = 1·. ... . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 1 . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . 54 122
CLASS 6.-SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
21 to 27 years. ...... . ..... . .. . . 2 . .... 2 1 1 .. . . . . ... . 1 . ... .. .. . . ... ...... . j. . . . . . .... ·····p···. ......... ····μ,· 9
28 to 30 years. .. .. . .. .. ........ . .... .. ... 1 ... .. ..... · · .. · · · . . . ·· · ·· · · ·· · · · ··· ····· ·····1· · · ·· ·· · ····· ····· ····· ····· ····· 1 2
31 to 35 years.. . .... .... ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
------------------------------ ---- .
Total... .... . . . . .. .... . . . 2 . . .. . 4 1 I I . . .. . I . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . 5 15
. '
20
Causes of disqualification for which no waivers were granted-Continued.
Cuss 7.-APPLICANTS FOR TRANSFER TO THE AIR SERVICE FROM OTHER BRANCHES OF THI<; ARMY.
I El . ::: I !::: e - I ,s I ..:. i ~ i
+Z a,) .9 . . ; - ~ +:t - (/} Ul = 8 I
§- ~ ~ . fl) .5 I I ~>. 8 ~4/l ~>. ·@ 1 .8 ~
~ -; 'S § • ~ ~ ! l .5 g S -g S !: g g .8 .~... .:!l.. I rl
P. .o El ~ bQ a ·a bD .; j ...; 1 -~ ~ o5·~ .2: ~ 0 lS 8 1
4)
.§~~ :3 'a S i .§ °' ::i. 9 .c= r ~ I .~ 0
-~ .=? - -; c --;; 0 ~ >. I ~ .-: ~ p. rn 08 .!:: a, ~ ~ ;:2 -~ I •...c It: 1:: t! !:; !; ~ Jill .!ill o ~ > A i < ~ I :1l ;; ~ &: ~ ' ; I~ ~ ~ ~ Si z ~ !i I ~ ~
t-;-~;-1e__Jl_f_b_~-t-:t-~:-:~-:-~(_(_:~-(-(~-:-~:-:(,.:_:_: > 1b: ;h >•• ••• ••••• I / ••••• •••:• •••••· •••• ••••• ••••• Li ii
3316 ttoo 3450 yyeea.arrss.......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . l. . · · ·1·· \ 11 .·.··.·.·.1... 2. . ....4 ..·.· ·. .··. .··.·. .·.· .·.··. ·.·. .·.· .··.·. .... .: .. .. .·.··.·.·. .··. .· .··. .·.··.·.·. .·.· ·..··. .·.·.·.··. .·.·.·.·.·- ·. ·.·.·.·.1.·..· : ·.·1 21 130
41 to 45 years ........................................... ..........
1
. . ..... . ... ........ .
1
....................... . ........... . . .... ... . .... .
46 to ::t:~::::::::::::::::::1···~· ---~f ·~· ··~·,···<··~·,··~· ::::: ::::: ::::: ··~· ::::: ::::r::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::\:::::1 ~ 5:
Cuss 8.-PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR .FLYING TRAINING OF NONFLYING OFFICERS DETAILED WITH AIR
SERVICE AND NONFLYING AIR SERVICE OFFICERS, RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, STUDENTS, ETC.
21to27years .................. 4 .... 9 7 2 2 ..... 1 1 1
1
.. ... , 2 ......... .......... ·.··········,·····'··· ,\-···· 28 Under2l years. .. ............. 61.. ... 6113 1. 4μ.\ 1.. ...\. . ...j 31····················:. ........ { ... 1.·~1~9
m36 t~o :~~~:::::::::::::::::: i ···2· ~ \::::: ~ ::::: -· ·2r :: : ::::: :::::i: :::: ::::. ::::: ::::: :::::-::::: :::::j:: -::!:::::1--·a" 1! 40 years.................. 2 · · ··· 2 1 -··· · · · ·· · · · ··· ,· · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· 1· · ··· · · · · · · · ··· · · ·· · · ··· · 1····· · · ·· · , -· · · •·• ·• · ·1·· ·· · 5
46 to::t:~~:::::::::::::::::: ·~~· : 1--~r~~· ~ ~ ··~r ·~· ··~·1:::::1 : ::::: ::::: :::::1:::::1::::: :::::\:::::;::::: ·~;· 11:
Cuss 9.-FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE RESERVE CORPS UNDER FLYING STATUS.
. I I I I I I I I ' ~~,~ ! I I ~
1
, 1 ••· ••••• ••••• I ·••••• ••••• I 11 ••···~ ••••• '.
SUMMARY OF TABLES 1 TO 9 ABOVE SHOWING NO WAIVERS.
CEinvliilsitaend aap pppliliccaanntsts ................... .· ·116 4 24 6 6 1 I 3_ 3 31.. .... ... ...... ,. ........ ·\ • .. ... .. . .. .. 3~ I 112 36 10 49 18 16 10 'I 14 24 4 . . . . . For comm1Ssion.............. . 1 .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . 2 .. . . . 2 1 .. . . . 99 2M 4 2 9 2 3 5 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24 55
r~~~fai·.;,;,imi,;;,.iio,;.s::::: ··2i 3 2i ... 5. ···i· ···i/ ··3· ·· ·2· ... i" ::: :· :: :: : .::::
11::::: :::::1···i· ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: -~ 1J
t~::!;;i~~~'.~~~:::::::::: ~ ~ ; ~ 1 ~ ... i .... 1
. :: : :: ::::: . .. i ::::: ::::: :: ::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ~ 1g
~~~t;~sio,:;~ii".~ii-·se~vi.ce· 16 3 20 21 1 1 3 2 1 ..... 6 ... . .
1
......... ........ .. ...... · · ···,-···· 2, 113 Reserve..... ................ . . . . . . . ... 1 . . . . ...... -.... · · - -· -· ·· · -· ·· · · · ·· · · · ·· · ···· ·!····· - ··· · · ·· · ···· · · · ··· · ···1-··· · · ···· 1
Total .................... , IOI 25 135 55 1 37 47 I 24 33 IO . . ... 11 ···I···..... 6 . .... 2 1 I 1 274 762
r
21
Causes of disqualification waived for both heavier and lighter than air.
(No serious defects were waived.)
Cuss 1.--CIVILIAN APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
Ii~ f I ~ ~ 1 -1 tit 1 i J
1 I ! ! I I 1-:;; I a. ~ t J l t ~ ~ !i I i JJ !l ! f ] t i -a C) - aS r,o en ~ .... Cl) ... ... ... 1- - ::, f:> ..!:q -
-~ <I) ~ " <I) $ .... " '" $ l> C I C C := ;::I <!) >A""-<~ .... Z1><~ .... .--< -<-<~ ~z-<'3 -<,:: -<~ ~C
i_;_1f(l_f~_If-,;-••• -•• -.- •• -.-•• -.-•• -•• -.-•• -I.--.-•• -1 :1 :
1H I : ) 1 I :
46 to50 years .. . -- - .......... . .. ···!··--·1-- ··· -- ··· -- ··· ·· ··· ·· ··· · · ·· · ····· ·· ··· ·· ··· ·· ·· ··1··· · ..... 1 ......... . 1····· ..... 1 . . ···f~ ·····
Total. . . ........ . . . ..... ·····i····+···· ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 . ......... ·····l·····J··· ·· ..... _.. ... ·,-- ··-!-···· 1
CLASS 2.-ENLISTED APPLICANTS FOR APPOINTMENT AS CADETS, AIR SERVICE.
--------------
_Undet21 years . . . . ...... . ..... j·· ·--l- ····I 1 .. . . ... ...
11····· .............. J ........................ 1 . .... , ..... --··· /· ···· ..... . .... 1
2~toa:::;_~·.::::::::::::::::,:::::1:::::1· .. ~· ::::: :::::,::::: ::::: ::::: :::::/::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::r :::I::::: :::::1:::::,::::: ; :
CLASS 3.-FORMER TEMPORA)lY OFFICERS FOR COMMISSION IN THE AIR SERVICE, REGULAR ARMY.
,g\l~1fi~\~s.:_:_:::::::::::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::i: ::::: ::::: ::::h:::I::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::i
28 to 30 years . ......... . . . ... .... ................. . ......... . .................. .. .... . . .. .... . ..... ... ... .. . . ..... . ... ....... . ...... . . .
31 to 35 years ; .......... . .... .... ......... . . . ......................... . ..... ............. . . ... .......... . .. ... .... . .... . . . . .... . ...... .
36 to 40 years .. .... ... . . . ................. . ........ ... ............................... ... ........ ... ............... .. . . .... . .... . .. .... . :~~~~::~~:.:_:.:_~::::::::::::/:: ::::: ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: ::::~::::: ::::: ::::: ::::f :::(:: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::~: ::::: ::::: ::::~
CLASS 4.-FOR RATING ON COMPLETION OF FLYING TRAINING.
Under2lyears ........ .. ..... -j--T ......... .!..... ..... 1 L ......... ····l··· ............... ~· .............. ............... ···\ 1
iii~ > R<!H••••• ii<> 11>>•·•••> 1•••••><1 J CLASS 5.-SEMIANN.UAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS. i)1~: ;:
1
r tI
1
1cr:::• : :\: •!:''. :1: : 1, : rt, Total...... . ............ 35 2 26 rn ... .. 33 21····+····1'···+···· .......... ····\·····1··•··,····· ..... 1 14 129
CLASS 6.-SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
~~~:::. : •<1::.:,•t•: •:::\•l·I•'• :•I: :j
CLASS 8.-TRAINING OF OFFICERS DETAILED WITH AIR SERVICE~ NONFLYING AIR SERVICE OFFICERS, RESERVE
OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS, ::;TUD,ENTS, ETC.
H~i'.•'.111'.11!•!i:! :•:;• !'.11'.1111!'.,!11!. •!!•! •••{ !!1!! !i\'.!r!•!! •!1•• !!1!'.:!\! !\:• !!l!\ I !!:!1 l!/!i ::1;·!~!•·• !
No defects were waived for both heavier and lighter than air in classes 7 and 9.
22
Causes of disqualijioo(ion waived for lighter than air only.
(No serious defects were waiHd.)
Cuss 4.-FOR RATING ON COMPLETION OF FLYING TRAINING.
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Age not gi\en ...... . ... . ................... .. .. ............ . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ......... . . .. .... .. .................. 1 . .. .... .. . .. . .... . .. .. .. .
Under 21 years ...... .. ... . ................ . ..... ...... .......... .. . ..... . ....... . ............. ... . .. .. .............. . ... ............. .. . 21 to 27 years... ................. . ................................ . . ............... . .. ............ . ........ . ........................... .
28to30yesrs................. 1 1 . . . .. . . ... . ....... ... ... . .... ...... . ... . . . ...... . . ·..... ..... .. . .. ..... ... . . ..... ..... ..... 2
31 to 35 years .................................... . . . .... . . . ... ....... .. .. .. . . . .. . ...... .. . ........................ . ... . ............... .
36 to 40 years.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ,. . . . . .. .. .
!U~ !!::~:_:.:_:_:_:_'.::::::::::: :::~: :::~: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::~ :·'.::: '.::·:: / :: ::~:f ::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: '.::::(::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::~
CLASS 5.
-~~~:~:~:::::::::::::;:::j l ---~· ... i. :::::1'::::: ... i. ::::: ::::: ::::: :: ::: ::::: :::'.:!::::: ::::: ::::: :::::1 1::::: :::::!:::::!::::: ~
46to50years . .............. .. 1 ..... 1 .................... . ... .......... . ..... .. .. .
1
.......... , .... : ···· .. . .. ····1·····1..... 2
Total. . . ................ , 3 1 2 . ••.... .".. 1 .. . ..... . ... .. ..
1
....... .. , .... '[" .... ·• •· · ····· ,·· · --
1
_-·· ·· . . ... ·····1··· 7
NoTE.-No defects waived for lighter than air in classes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Causes of disqualifiootion wa{vedfor observer only.
(No serious defects were waived.)
CLASS 5.- SEMIANNUAL PHYSICAL E XAMINATIONS OF FLIERS.
§ ~ = ~•M ~>a~
R ~ ~ -~ -; . ~ ·~.; "' .. !!l -< 2 ~
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-~-t-i-:2-,o7-t!_::-~-~-..- :.:-.:-~-::_:_:-::-:-:: :_::I-:·-::-:: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::d::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::
28 to 3Q years ........................... . ..... . . . ......... .... .................. .. . .... .... . ...... .. ... .. ... . . · ............... . ....... . .
31 to 35 years .. . ....... . . .............. . ............ :. . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . 1
:l6 to 40 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . _ . .. . . . ...
tU~gg~:~::::::::: ::::·::~:: ::~:: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::
Total.. . ... ..... .. . .... . ..... .... . • . .. .. ..... ..... 1 .............. . .....
1
..... ····1···· ...................... ··· ...... .... 1
No defects were waived for observer only in classes 1, 2; 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Summary of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 (heavier and lighter than air), classes 4 and 5 (lighter than air only), !lnd class 5
(observer only) above, showing waivers of physical defects.
§ oi I ol
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Ch ilian applicants . . ... . .•. ·. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ·. . . . . . . 1 . . _. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 1
=~!n''l:i0:~ts..i;i--;ice.":::: ::::: ::::: ... ~ .... i. ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :: ::: ::~::. ::::: ::::: ::::· ::::: ::::: ::::: ::: :: ... ~. ~
Rating after training. . ........ 8 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . , 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 17
=:.~~~~~: ~H--~- ~:·•••·--~-: •••••••-•••<••••••••·••••••••••;; T< ~:.:~ NoTE.-Thirty-four-physical examinations have been received since the above report was closed.
0
ALB ERT E. TRUB Y,
Colonel, Mediool Corps, U.S. A.